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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Lopes de Araújo, José Neves, Ana Rute Gouveia, Virgínia M. Moura, Catarina C. Nunes, Cláudia Reis, Salette |
| Copyright Year | 2015 |
| Abstract | Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) loading oxaprozin were developed to address an effective drug packaging and targeted delivery, improving the drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics properties and avoiding the local gastric side-effects. Macrophages actively phagocyte particles with sizes larger than 200 nm and, when activated, over-express folate beta receptors - features that in the case of this work constitute the basis for passive and active targeting strategies.Two formulations containing oxaprozin were developed: NLCs with and without folate functionalization. In order to target the macrophages folate receptors, a DSPE-PEG$_{2000}$-FA conjugate was synthesized and added to the NLCs.These formulations presented a relatively low polydispersity index (approximately 0.2) with mean diameters greater than 200 nm and zeta potential inferior to −40 mV. The encapsulation efficiency of the particles was superior to 95% and the loading capacity was of 9%, approximately. The formulations retained the oxaprozin release in simulated gastric fluid (only around 10%) promoting its release on simulated intestinal fluid. MTT and LDH assays revealed that the formulations only presented cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells for oxaprozin concentrations superior to 100 μM. Permeability studies in Caco-2 cells shown that oxaprozin encapsulation did not interfered with oxaprozin permeability (around 0.8 × 10$^{−5}$ cm/s in simulated intestinal fluid and about 1.45 × 10$^{−5}$ cm/s in PBS). Moreover, in RAW 264.7 cells NLCs functionalization promoted an increased uptake over time mainly mediated by a caveolae uptake mechanism.The developed nanoparticles enclose a great potential for oxaprozin oral administration with significant less gastric side-effects. |
| Starting Page | 301 |
| Ending Page | 314 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 07248741 |
| Journal | Pharmaceutical Research |
| Volume Number | 33 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 1573904X |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer US |
| Publisher Date | 2015-09-09 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Pharmacology/Toxicology Pharmacy Biochemistry Medical Law Biomedical Engineering |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Organic Chemistry Pharmacology Molecular Medicine Pharmacology (medical) Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Science |
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