NDLI: Links Between Hydrothermal Environments, Pyrophosphate, Na$^{+}$, and Early Evolution

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Holm, Nils G. Baltscheffsky, Herrick
Copyright Year	2011
Abstract	The discovery that photosynthetic bacterial membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) catalyzed light-induced phosphorylation of orthophosphate (Pi) to pyrophosphate (PPi) and the capability of PPi to drive energy requiring dark reactions supported PPi as a possible early alternative to ATP. Like the proton-pumping ATPase, the corresponding membrane-bound PPase also is a H$^{+}$-pump, and like the Na$^{+}$-pumping ATPase, it can be a Na$^{+}$-pump, both in archaeal and bacterial membranes. We suggest that PPi and Na$^{+}$ transport preceded ATP and H$^{+}$ transport in association with geochemistry of the Earth at the time of the origin and early evolution of life. Life may have started in connection with early plate tectonic processes coupled to alkaline hydrothermal activity. A hydrothermal environment in which Na$^{+}$ is abundant exists in sediment-starved subduction zones, like the Mariana forearc in the W Pacific Ocean. It is considered to mimic the Archean Earth. The forearc pore fluids have a pH up to 12.6, a Na$^{+}$-concentration of 0.7 mol/kg seawater. PPi could have been formed during early subduction of oceanic lithosphere by dehydration of protonated orthophosphates. A key to PPi formation in these geological environments is a low local activity of water.
Starting Page	483
Ending Page	493
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01696149
Journal	Origins of Life and Evolution of Biospheres
Volume Number	41
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15730875
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2011-04-02
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Brucite Early evolution Hydrothermal systems Mariana forearc Membrane-bound inorganic pyrophosphatase Proton pump Pyrophosphate Serpentinization Sodium pump Subduction zones Life Sciences Astrophysics and Astroparticles Biochemistry Astronomy, Observations and Techniques Earth Sciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics Space and Planetary Science

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