NDLI: Ethanol-Induced TLR4/NLRP3 Neuroinflammatory Response in Microglial Cells Promotes Leukocyte Infiltration Across the BBB

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Alfonso Loeches, Silvia Ureña Peralta, Juan Morillo Bargues, Mª José Gómez Pinedo, Ulises Guerri, Consuelo
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	We reported that the ethanol-induced innate immune response by activating TLR4 signaling triggers gliosis and neuroinflammation. Ethanol also activates other immune receptors, such as NOD-like-receptors, and specifically NLRP3-inflammasome in astroglial cells, to stimulate caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β and IL-18 cytokines production. Yet, whether microglia NLRs are also sensitive to the ethanol effects that contribute to neuroinflammation is uncertain. Using cerebral cortexes of the chronic alcohol-fed WT and TLR4$^{−/−}$ mice, we demonstrated that chronic ethanol treatment enhanced TLR4 mediated-NLRP3/Caspase-1 complex activation, and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines levels. Ethanol-induced NLRP3-inflammasome activation and mitochondria-ROS generation were also observed in cultured microglial cells. The up-regulation of CD45$^{high}$/CD11b$^{+}$ cell populations and matrix metalloproteinase-9 levels was also noted in the cortexes of the ethanol-treated WT mice. Notably, elimination of the TLR4 function abolished most ethanol-induced neuroinflammatory effects. Thus, our results demonstrate that ethanol triggers TLR4-mediated NLRP3-inflammasome activation in glial cells, and suggest that microglia stimulation may compromise the permeability of blood–brain barrier events to contribute to ethanol-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage.
Starting Page	193
Ending Page	209
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03643190
Journal	Neurochemical Research
Volume Number	41
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15736903
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-11-11
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	TLR4 Alcohol Microglia Leukocyte infiltration Matrix metalloproteinase BBB Neurosciences Neurochemistry Biochemistry Cell Biology Neurology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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