NDLI: Anti-neuroinflammatory Effect of Emodin in LPS-Stimulated Microglia: Involvement of AMPK/Nrf2 Activation

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Park, Sun Young Jin, Mei Ling Ko, Min Jung Park, Geuntae Choi, Young Whan
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	AMPK/Nrf2 signaling regulates multiple antioxidative factors and exerts neuroprotective effects. Emodin is one of the main bioactive components extracted from Polygonum multiflorum, a plant possessing important activities for human health and for treating a variety of diseases. This study examined whether emodin can activate AMPK/Nrf2 signaling and induce the expression of genes targeted by this pathway. In addition, the anti-neuroinflammatory properties of emodin in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia were examined. In microglia, the emodin treatment increased the levels of LKB1, CaMKII, and AMPK phosphorylation. Emodin increased the translocation and transactivity of Nrf2 and enhanced the levels of HO-1 and NQO1. In addition, the emodin-mediated expression of HO-1 and NQO1 was attenuated completely by an AMPK inhibitor (compound C). Moreover, emodin decreased dramatically the LPS-induced production of NO and PGE$_{2}$ as well as the protein expression and promoter activity of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In addition, emodin effectively inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, and reduced the level of IκBα phosphorylation, leading to the suppression of the nuclear translocation, phosphorylation, and transactivity of NF-κB. Emodin also suppressed the LPS-stimulated activation of STATs, JNK, and p38 MAPK. The anti-inflammatory effects of emodin were reversed by transfection with Nrf-2 and HO-1 siRNA and by a co-treatment with an AMPK inhibitor. These results suggest that emodin isolated from P. multiflorum can be used as a natural anti-neuroinflammatory agent that exerts its effects by inducing HO-1 and NQO1 via AMPK/Nrf2 signaling in microglia.
Starting Page	2981
Ending Page	2992
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03643190
Journal	Neurochemical Research
Volume Number	41
Issue Number	11
e-ISSN	15736903
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-08-19
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Microglia Emodin Anti-neuroinflammation AMPK Nrf2 Neurosciences Neurochemistry Biochemistry Cell Biology Neurology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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