NDLI: Enhancement of blue upconversion luminescence in hexagonal NaYF$

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kale, Vishal Soukka, Tero Hölsä, Jorma Lastusaari, Mika
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Hexagonal (β)-NaYF$_{4}$ is recognized as one of the most efficient hosts for NIR to blue and green upconversion (UC). A new method to tune the blue UC emission in β-NaYF$_{4}$:Yb,Tm nanocrystals through the possible substitution of the host material with different concentrations of K$^{+}$ and Sc$^{3+}$ ions was investigated in detail. In this work, Na$_{1−x }$K$_{ x }$YF$_{4}$:Yb,Tm and NaY$_{1−x }$Sc$_{ x }$F$_{4}$:Yb,Tm nanocrystals were synthesized with varying Na:K and Y:Sc ratios. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and UC luminescence spectroscopy showed that size, morphology, and UC luminescence intensity were affected by the addition of K$^{+}$ and Sc$^{3+}$ ions. Substituted ions disturbed the local symmetry and also resulted in changes in the crystal field. The distance between Yb$^{3+}$ and Tm$^{3+}$ was affected by different concentration of K$^{+}$ and Sc$^{3+}$ ions, and those differences in the distance are responsible for tuning UC luminescence. This study revealed that when the concentration of K$^{+}$ and Sc$^{3+}$ ions were nominally increased from 20 to 100 mol% during synthesis, hexagonal NaYF$_{4}$ changed to structurally different KYF$_{4}$ and Na$_{3}$ScF$_{6}$ so that the solid solubility became difficult. We also demonstrate that the added K$^{+}$ does not enter into the NaYF$_{4}$ lattice, but it still plays an important role by controlling the Na/R ratio. K$^{+}$ and Sc$^{3+}$ ion concentration of 20 mol% during the synthesis was found to result in materials with size 30–35 nm, and shows ca. four times brighter UC emission than the previously reported lanthanide based nanocrystals. The enhancement in UC luminescence intensity makes upconversion nanophosphors versatile imaging tools for diagnosis.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	12
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13880764
Journal	Journal of Nanoparticle Research
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	8
e-ISSN	1572896X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2013-07-30
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Upconversion luminescence NaYF$_{4}$ Yb Tm K Sc Nanotechnology Inorganic Chemistry Characterization and Evaluation of Materials Physical Chemistry Optics, Optoelectronics, Plasmonics and Optical Devices
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Chemistry Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Condensed Matter Physics Bioengineering Modeling and Simulation

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