NDLI: Protective role of magnesium in cardiovascular diseases: A review

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Chakraborti, Sajal Chakraborti, Tapati Mandal, Malay Mandal, Amritlal Das, Sudip Ghosh, Samardendranath
Copyright Year	2002
Abstract	A considerable number of experimental, epidemiological and clinical studies are now available which point to an important role of Mg$^{2+}$ in the etiology of cardiovascular pathology. In human subjects, hypomagnesemia is often associated with an imbalance of electrolytes such as Na$^{+}$, K$^{+}$ and Ca$^{2+}$. Abnormal dietary deficiency of Mg$^{2+}$ as well as abnormalities in Mg$^{2+}$ metabolism play important roles in different types of heart diseases such as ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, sudden cardiac death, atheroscelerosis, a number of cardiac arrhythmias and ventricular complications in diabetes mellitus. Mg$^{2+}$ deficiency results in progressive vasoconstriction of the coronary vessels leading to a marked reduction in oxygen and nutrient delivery to the cardiac myocytes.Numerous experimental and clinical data have suggested that Mg$^{2+}$ deficiency can induce elevation of intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ concentrations, formation of oxygen radicals, proinflammatory agents and growth factors and changes in membrane permeability and transport processes in cardiac cells. The opposing effects of Mg$^{2+}$ and Ca$^{2+}$ on myocardial contractility may be due to the competition between Mg$^{2+}$ and Ca$^{2+}$ for the same binding sites on key myocardial contractile proteins such as troponin C, myosin and actin.Stimulants, for example, catecholamines can evoke marked Mg$^{2+}$ efflux which appears to be associated with a concomitant increase in the force of contraction of the heart. It has been suggested that Mg$^{2+}$ efflux may be linked to the Ca$^{2+}$ signalling pathway. Depletion of Mg$^{2+}$ by alcohol in cardiac cells causes an increase in intracellular Ca$^{2+}$, leading to coronary artery vasospasm, arrhythmias, ischemic damage and cardiac failure. Hypomagnesemia is commonly associated with hypokalemia and occurs in patients with hypertension or myocardial infarction as well as in chronic alcoholism.The inability of the senescent myocardium to respond to ischemic stress could be due to several reasons. Mg$^{2+}$ supplemented K$^{+}$ cardioplegia modulates Ca$^{2+}$ accumulation and is directly involved in the mechanisms leading to enhanced post ischemic functional recovery in the aged myocardium following ischemia. While many of these mechanisms remain controversial and in some cases speculative, the beneficial effects related to consequences of Mg$^{2+}$ supplementation are apparent. Further research are needed for the incorporation of these findings toward the development of novel myocardial protective role of Mg$^{2+}$ to reduce morbidity and mortality of patients suffering from a variety of cardiac diseases.
Starting Page	163
Ending Page	179
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03008177
Journal	Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
Volume Number	238
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15734919
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2002-01-01
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cardiology Medical Biochemistry Oncology Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Medicine Clinical Biochemistry Molecular Biology

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