NDLI: Activation of the unfolded protein response during anoxia exposure in the turtle Trachemys scripta elegans

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Krivoruchko, Anastasia Storey, Kenneth B.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Red-eared slider turtles, Trachemys scripta elegans, can survive for several weeks without oxygen when submerged in cold water. We hypothesized that anaerobiosis is aided by adaptive up-regulation of the unfolded protein response (UPR), a stress-responsive pathway that is activated by accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and functions to restore ER homeostasis. RT-PCR, western immunoblotting and DNA-binding assays were used to quantify the responses and/or activation status of UPR-responsive genes and proteins in turtle tissues after animal exposure to 5 or 20 h of anoxic submergence at 4 °C. The phosphorylation state of protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) (a UPR-regulated kinase) and eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) increased by 1.43–2.50 fold in response to anoxia in turtle heart, kidney, and liver. Activation of the PERK-regulated transcription factor, activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), during anoxia was documented by elevated atf4 transcripts and total ATF4 protein (1.60–2.43 fold), increased nuclear ATF4 content, and increased DNA-binding activity (1.44–2.32 fold). ATF3 and GADD34 (downstream targets of ATF4) also increased by 1.38–3.32 fold in heart and liver under anoxia, and atf3 transcripts were also elevated in heart. Two characteristic chaperones of the UPR, GRP78, and GRP94, also responded positively to anoxia with strong increases in both the transcript and protein levels. The data demonstrate that the UPR is activated in turtle heart, kidney, and liver in response to anoxia, suggesting that this pathway mediates an integrated stress response to protect tissues during oxygen deprivation.
Starting Page	91
Ending Page	103
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03008177
Journal	Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
Volume Number	374
Issue Number	1-2
e-ISSN	15734919
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2012-11-03
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Red-eared slider turtle Anaerobiosis Endoplasmic reticulum stress Activating transcription factor Protein chaperones Metabolic rate depression Biochemistry Medical Biochemistry Oncology Cardiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Medicine Clinical Biochemistry Molecular Biology

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