NDLI: Thermal decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate and potassium chloride mixtures

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Izato, Yu ichiro Miyake, Atsumi
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) and potassium chloride (KCl) mixtures was investigated. The thermal properties were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the evolved gas was analyzed using thermogravimetry with mass spectrometry and pressurized DSC coupled with mass spectrometry (TG–DTA–MS and PDSC–MS). DSC measurements of AN/KCl mixtures in sealed and sealed-separated sample pans showed a sharp exothermic decomposition and lower onset temperature than pure AN, whereas AN/KCl in an open pan exhibited an endothermic reaction. In the sealed-separated pan, a separator with a pinhole divided the KCl and AN physically and the evolved gas could interact with both AN and KCl. TG–DTA–MS results revealed that HCl gas was evolved from AN/KCl, which indicated that the reaction of KCl with HNO$_{3}$ dissociated from AN formed HCl, and subsequent destabilization of AN. However, the TG–DTA–MS results did not indicate the violent exothermic reaction due to using an open pan and ordinary pressure conditions. PDSC–MS was used to observe two exothermic reactions of AN/KCl and analyze the evolved gases from the reactions. A violent first exothermic reaction was accompanied by a large amount of N$_{2}$ and N$_{2}$O gases without H$_{2}$O, and a second exothermic reaction accompanied by H$_{2}$O, N$_{2}$O, and other gases occurred subsequently. The reactions are $$ {\text{HCl }} + {\text{HNO}}_{ 3} \to {\text{NO}}_{ 2} {\text{Cl }} + {\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O }} \to {\text{Cl }} + {\text{NO}}_{ 2} + {\text{H}}_{ 2} {\text{O}} $$ , which have a lower energy barrier by 103 kJ mol$^{−1}$ than the energy barrier that is needed for HNO$_{3}$ homolysis cleavage, which is triggered by pure AN decomposition, $$ {\text{HNO}}_{ 3} \to {\text{OH}} + {\text{NO}}_{ 2} $$ . We therefore concluded that AN reacts with KCl to produce Cl radicals via HCl and NO$_{2}$Cl, and the Cl radical triggers a radical chain reaction of AN.
Starting Page	287
Ending Page	294
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	13886150
Journal	Journal of thermal analysis
Volume Number	121
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15882926
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-05-27
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Ammonium nitrate Potassium chloride Mixing hazard Evolved gas analysis Physical Chemistry Analytical Chemistry Polymer Sciences Inorganic Chemistry Measurement Science and Instrumentation
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Condensed Matter Physics

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