NDLI: Ethanol and Ambrosia Beetles in Douglas Fir Logs Exposed or Protected from Rain

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kelsey, Rick G. Joseph, Gladwin
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	Logs from the base of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees cut in October 1993 were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: (1) wet logs—cut from the fallen tree and left exposed to rain, (2) dry logs—cut from the fallen tree, placed on blocks, and protected from rain under a plastic tent, and (3) crown logs—left attached to the fallen tree with its branches intact and exposed to rain. The following May, ethanol concentrations were highest in the phloem and sapwood of wet logs (0.24 and 0.35 μmol/g fresh wt, respectively). Ethanol concentrations in tissues from dry and crown logs were similar to each other (ranging from 0.002 to 0.03 μmol/g fresh wt), but were significantly lower than in wet logs. It appears that rain absorbed by the outer bark of wet logs creates a barrier to gas exchange between living tissues and the atmosphere, which facilitates the development of hypoxic conditions necessary for ethanol synthesis and accumulation. Branches on crown logs exposed to rain help maintain low ethanol concentrations in the log tissues; we discuss several potential mechanisms to explain this response. By early September, the densities of Gnathothrichus spp. gallery entrance holes were high on wet logs (21.5/m$^{2}$) and low on dry (2.5/m$^{2}$) and crown logs (5.8/m$^{2}$), indicating their preference for logs with higher ethanol concentrations. Protecting logs from rain will significantly reduce ethanol concentrations and the density of ambrosia beetle galleries. Leaving branches attached to logs will produce similar results, but its effectiveness may vary depending on the environmental conditions. Host selection by secondary scolytid beetles that use ethanol as a kairomone can be manipulated and possibly managed by controlling the production of ethanol in the host resource.
Starting Page	2793
Ending Page	2809
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00980331
Journal	Journal of Chemical Ecology
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	12
e-ISSN	15731561
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Physical Chemistry Agriculture Ecology Biological Microscopy
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Biochemistry Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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