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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Yunker, Warren K. Wein, Dan E. Wisenden, Brian D. |
| Copyright Year | 1999 |
| Abstract | Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) adopt antipredator (alarm) behavior when they detect alarm pheromone released from an injured conspecific. This is an adaptive response since alarm pheromone is generally released only in the context of a predation event. Alarm reactions may also occur in response to chemical and visual stimuli that minnows learn to associate with release of alarm pheromone. Here, we tested if fathead minnows can learn to associate a nonbiological, visual stimulus with predation risk. Minnows were simultaneously exposed to red light and conspecific alarm pheromone, inducing an alarm reaction. When retested using red light alone, small shoals of minnows displayed an antipredator response: dashing movements and disorganized swimming followed by decreased height in the water column and increased shoal cohesion. This resulted from a single-trial exposure to the combined cues and demonstrates a robust ecological mechanism by which minnows learn to recognize indicators of predation risk that may vary in space and time. However, learning to associate risk with biologically irrelevant stimuli may be an ecological liability. How minnows discern between relevant and irrelevant stimuli in nature is not known. |
| Starting Page | 2677 |
| Ending Page | 2686 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00980331 |
| Journal | Journal of Chemical Ecology |
| Volume Number | 25 |
| Issue Number | 12 |
| e-ISSN | 15731561 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Kluwer Academic Publishers-Plenum Publishers |
| Publisher Date | 1999-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | New York |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Physical Chemistry Agriculture Ecology Biological Microscopy |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Medicine Biochemistry Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics |
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