NDLI: Role of atmospheric ammonia in the formation of inorganic secondary particulate matter: A study at Kanpur, India

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sharma, Mukesh Kishore, Shyam Tripathi, S. N. Behera, S. N.
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	Levels of fine Particulate Matter (PM$_{fine}$), SO$_{2}$ and NO$_{x}$ are interlinked through atmospheric reactions to a large extent. NO$_{x}$, NH$_{3}$, SO$_{2}$, temperature and humidity are the important atmospheric constituents/conditions governing formation of fine particulate sulfates and nitrates. To understand the formation of inorganic secondary particles (nitrates and sulfates) in the atmosphere, a study was undertaken in Kanpur, India. Specifically, the study was designed to measure the atmospheric levels of $$ {\text{NH}}^{{\text{ + }}}_{{\text{4}}} ,\;{\text{Ca}}^{{{\text{2 + }}}} ,\;{\text{Mg}}^{{2 + }} ,\;{\text{Na}}^{{\text{ + }}} ,\;{\text{K}}^{{\text{ + }}} ,\;{\text{NO}}^{{\text{ - }}}_{{\text{3}}} ,\;{\text{SO}}^{{{\text{2 - }}}}_{{\text{4}}} ,\;{\text{CI}}^{{\text{ - }}} ,\;{\text{NH}}_{{\text{3}}} \;{\left( {{\text{gas}}} \right)},\;{\text{HNO}}_{{\text{3}}} \;{\left( {{\text{gas}}} \right)},\;{\text{NO}}_{2} \;{\text{and}}\;{\text{PM}}_{{{\text{10}}}} \;{\left( {{{\text{PM}}_{{2.5}} } \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{{\text{PM}}_{{2.5}} } {{\text{PM}}_{{{\text{10}}}} \;{\text{ratio}}}}} \right. -} {{\text{PM}}_{{{\text{10}}}} \;{\text{ratio}}} = 0.74} \right)} $$ covering winter and summer seasons and day and night samplings to capture the diurnal variations. Results showed $$ {\text{NO}}^{{\text{ - }}}_{{\text{3}}} ,\;{\text{SO}}^{{{\text{2 - }}}}_{{\text{4}}} ,\;{\text{NH}}^{{\text{ + }}}_{{\text{4}}} ,\;{\text{K}}^{ + } $$ are found to be significantly high in winter season compared to the summer season. In winter, the molar ratio of $$ {\text{NH}}^{{\text{ + }}}_{{\text{4}}} $$ to $$ {\text{SO}}^{{{\text{2 - }}}}_{{\text{4}}} $$ was found to be greater than 2:1. This higher molar ratio suggests that in addition to (NH$_{4}$)$_{2}$SO$_{4}$, NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$ will be formed because of excess quantity of $$ {\text{NH}}^{{\text{ + }}}_{{\text{4}}} $$ present. In summer, the molar ratio was less than 2:1 indicating deficit of $$ {\text{NH}}^{{\text{ + }}}_{{\text{4}}} $$ to produce NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$. The nitrogen conversion ratio (NO$_{2}$ to NO$_{3}$) was found to be nearly 50% in the study area that suggested quick conversion of NO$_{2}$ into nitric acid. As an overall conclusion, this study finds that NH$_{3}$ plays a vital role in the formation of fine inorganic secondary particles particularly so in winter months and there is a need to identify and assess sources of ammonia emissions in India.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	17
Page Count	17
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01677764
Journal	Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Volume Number	58
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	15730662
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2007-07-17
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Inorganic secondary particles Ammonia Sulfate Nitrate Water soluble ions India Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution Meteorology/Climatology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Atmospheric Science

Sl.	Authority	Responsibilities	Communication Details
1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
5	Website/Portal (Helpdesk)	Queries regarding NDLI and its services	support@ndl.gov.in
6	Contents and Copyright Issues	Queries related to content curation and copyright issues	content@ndl.gov.in
7	National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club)	Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach	clubsupport@ndl.gov.in
8	Digital Preservation Centre (DPC)	Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books	dpc@ndl.gov.in
9	IDR Setup or Support	Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops	idr@ndl.gov.in

Occurrence of water soluble organic nitrogen in aerosols at a coastal area

Gas-phase ammonia and water-soluble ions in particulate matter analysis in an urban vehicular tunnel

Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{2.5–10}$ in the coastal urban agglomeration along the Western Taiwan Strait Region, China

Transformations of Benzene Photoinduced by Nitrate Salts and Iron Oxide

Seasonal characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosols in total suspended particulate matter at a rural semi-arid site, Kadapa (India)

Long-term characterization of major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM$_{10}$ in coastal site on the Japan Sea

Gas-Phase Formation of Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere: A Retrosynthetic Analysis

Characterization of Water-Soluble Macromolecular Substances in Cloud Water

Spatial asymmetry of temperature trends over India and possible role of aerosols

Role of atmospheric ammonia in the formation of inorganic secondary particulate matter: A study at Kanpur, India

Similar Documents

Occurrence of water soluble organic nitrogen in aerosols at a coastal area

Gas-phase ammonia and water-soluble ions in particulate matter analysis in an urban vehicular tunnel

Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions in PM$_{2.5}$ and PM$_{2.5–10}$ in the coastal urban agglomeration along the Western Taiwan Strait Region, China

Transformations of Benzene Photoinduced by Nitrate Salts and Iron Oxide

Seasonal characteristics of water-soluble inorganic ions and carbonaceous aerosols in total suspended particulate matter at a rural semi-arid site, Kadapa (India)

Long-term characterization of major water-soluble inorganic ions in PM$_{10}$ in coastal site on the Japan Sea

Gas-Phase Formation of Water-Soluble Organic Compounds in the Atmosphere: A Retrosynthetic Analysis

Characterization of Water-Soluble Macromolecular Substances in Cloud Water

Spatial asymmetry of temperature trends over India and possible role of aerosols

Role of atmospheric ammonia in the formation of inorganic secondary particulate matter: A study at Kanpur, India