NDLI: Transformations of Benzene Photoinduced by Nitrate Salts and Iron Oxide

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Borghesi, Daniele Vione, Davide Mauri, Valter Minero, Claudio
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	This paper reports the results of a study on the transformation of benzene in the presence of solid nitrate salts (NaNO$_{3}$, NH$_{4}$NO$_{3}$) under irradiation in a gas-solid photoreactor. Sodium and ammonium nitrate have been chosen as representative of the composition of atmospheric particulate, benzene as a model aromatic molecule. The purpose is to simulate the transformations that aromatic compounds undergo on the surface of dispersed particles in the atmosphere. Irradiation of sodium nitrate causes hydroxylation and nitration of benzene, yielding phenol and nitrobenzene. This is most likely due to the generation of $^{•}$OH and $^{•}$NO$_{2}$ radicals upon nitrate photolysis, with $^{•}$OH + O$_{2}$ leading to the formation of phenol and $^{•}$OH + $^{•}$NO$_{2}$ yielding nitrobenzene. The percentage of oxygen in the reaction environment influences the transformation pathways, with phenol formation being favoured and nitrobenzene formation depressed by high O$_{2}$ concentration. In the presence of hematite (α-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$, another component of atmospheric particulate) very relevant formation of nitrobenzene takes place even with 21% oxygen (simulated air), indicating that the interaction between hematite and nitrate can lead to the formation of aromatic nitroderivatives on the surface of atmospheric particulate. The effect of hematite is possibly due to protonation of peroxynitrite, formed upon nitrate photoisomerisation, to peroxynitrous acid, a powerful nitrating agent. A similar effect leads to relevant formation of nitrobenzene under atmospheric conditions upon irradiation of the acid salt ammonium nitrate.
Starting Page	259
Ending Page	281
Page Count	23
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01677764
Journal	Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry
Volume Number	52
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15730662
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	2005-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	aromatic pollutants atmospheric photochemistry heterogeneous reactions particulate matter Meteorology/Climatology Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Atmospheric Science

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