NDLI: Annealing atmosphere dependant properties of biosynthesized TiO$_{2}$ anode for lithium ion battery application

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Kashale, Anil A. Ghule, Kalyani A. Gattu, Ketan P. Ingole, Vijay H. Dhanayat, Swapnali S. Sharma, Ramphal Ling, Yong Chien Chang, Jia Yaw Vadiyar, Madagonda M. Ghule, Anil Vithal
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	The present work demonstrates the synthesis of in situ carbon incorporated TiO$_{2}$ nanoparticles (Bio-TiO$_{2}$/C) and bare Bio-TiO$_{2}$ from low cost and eco-friendly materials, wherein Bengal gram beans (Cicer arietinum L.) extract containing bio-molecules is used as complexing agent to stabilize and engineer Bio-TiO$_{2}$/C used as anode for lithium ion battery application. The influence of annealing atmosphere (argon and air) on the formation of carbon anchored biosynthesized TiO$_{2}$ nano-spheres is investigated systematically. Interestingly, selective formation of TiO$_{2}$/C nano-spheres is observed in argon atmosphere, while annealing in air leads to the formation of carbon free TiO$_{2}$ nanoparticles. The gram bean extract containing biomass helps to inhibit the aggregation, leading to uniform size distribution of TiO$_{2}$ nanoparticles. These biomasses convert into carbon after calcination of as prepared Bio-TiO$_{2}$ in argon atmosphere (Bio-TiO$_{2}$/C), and in air calcinations, these biomasses are completely oxidised and form bare Bio-TiO$_{2}$. The resulting products TiO$_{2}$/C and TiO$_{2}$ are characterized using thermogravimetry analyzer, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectrophotometer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Furthermore, the prepared TiO$_{2}$/C and TiO$_{2}$ are investigated as electrodes for lithium ion battery. The charge/discharge performance of TiO$_{2}$/C shows an initial reversible capacity of 208 mA h g$^{−1}$ at a current density of 33 mA g$^{−1}$, which is higher than TiO$_{2}$ nanoparticles (197 mA h g$^{−1}$). The cycling study exhibit TiO$_{2}$/C based electrode retaining about 100 % of reversible capacity after 60 cycles at same current density, which is 3 % higher than the TiO$_{2}$ nanoparticles based electrode.
Starting Page	1472
Ending Page	1479
Page Count	8
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09574522
Journal	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Volume Number	28
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1573482X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-09-07
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Optical and Electronic Materials Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Biomaterials Biophysics Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Bioengineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Biomedical Engineering

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4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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