NDLI: Reaction pathway for synthesis of Cu$_{2}$ZnSn(S/Se)$_{4}$ via mechano-chemical route and annealing studies

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Pareek, Devendra Balasubramaniam, K. R. Sharma, Pratibha
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Reaction pathway for the formation of kesterite Cu$_{2}$ZnSn(S/Se)$_{4}$ (CZTS/Se) from elemental precursors (Cu, Zn, Sn, S/Se) has been investigated experimentally and is being reported in the current paper. To identify the various stages of reaction pathway and to identify the formation and consumption of secondary phases, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy tools were employed. A series of experiments for different ballmilling durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 h) were performed and the presence of different phases was recorded for each experiment. In addition to XRD and Raman studies, phase formation has also been confirmed using detailed XPS, TEM and SEM–EDS analysis. In addition, the effect of annealing temperature on composition and band gap of the CZTS/Se material has been discussed. Optical band gap of various samples of CZTS was observed in the range of 1.40–1.60 eV and that of CZTSe was observed in the range of 1.08–1.18 eV. The relatively simple, low cost, easily scalable mechanical alloying process along with understanding of reaction pathway will provide a future scope for bulk production of CZTS/Se absorber material for thin film solar cells.
Starting Page	1199
Ending Page	1210
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	09574522
Journal	Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics
Volume Number	28
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1573482X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-09-01
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Optical and Electronic Materials Characterization and Evaluation of Materials
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics Biomaterials Biophysics Condensed Matter Physics Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials Bioengineering Electrical and Electronic Engineering Biomedical Engineering

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