NDLI: Improving Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The Separate and Combined Effects of Incentives and Stimulant Medication

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Strand, Michael T. Hawk, Larry W. Bubnik, Michelle Shiels, Keri Pelham, William E. Waxmonsky, James G.
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Working memory (WM) is considered a core deficit in Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), with numerous studies demonstrating impaired WM among children with ADHD. We tested the degree to which WM in children with ADHD was improved by performance-based incentives, an analog of behavioral intervention. In two studies, WM performance was assessed using a visuo-spatial n-back task. Study 1 compared children (ages 9–12 years) with ADHD–Combined type (n = 24) to a group of typically developing (TD) children (n = 32). Study 1 replicated WM deficits among children with ADHD. Incentives improved WM, particularly among children with ADHD. The provision of incentives reduced the ADHD-control group difference by approximately half but did not normalize WM. Study 2 examined the separate and combined effects of incentives and stimulant medication among 17 children with ADHD-Combined type. Both incentives and a moderate dose of long-acting methylphenidate (MPH; ~0.3 mg/kg t.i.d. equivalent) robustly improved WM relative to the no-incentive, placebo condition. The combination of incentives and medication improved WM significantly more than either incentives or MPH alone. These studies indicate that contingencies markedly improve WM among children with ADHD–Combined type, with effect sizes comparable to a moderate dose of stimulant medication. More broadly, this work calls attention to the role of motivation in studying cognitive deficits in ADHD and in testing multifactorial models of ADHD.
Starting Page	1193
Ending Page	1207
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00910627
Journal	Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
Volume Number	40
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	15732835
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2012-04-03
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder ADHD Working memory Incentives Reinforcement Methylphenidate Child and School Psychology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Developmental and Educational Psychology Psychiatry and Mental Health

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