NDLI: Morphological Integration and Variation in Facial Orientation in Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus: A Geometric Morphometric Approach via Partial Least Squares

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Senck, Sascha Coquerelle, Michael
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	The orientation of the face relative to the cranial base is an important aspect of intraspecific and interspecific variation in hominoids. In contrast to African apes, Pongo is characterized by a structural condition known as airorhynchy, an upwardly rotated face relative to the basicranium. In this study we investigated patterns of covariation between facial orientation and basicranial and orbital shape. The sample comprised 43 adult specimens of Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus. The shape of the craniofacial complex is represented by 105 three-dimensional landmarks and semilandmarks digitized on images obtained with computed tomography (CT). We investigated covariation patterns and facial orientation using partial least squares analysis of basicranial and orbital shape vis-à-vis maxillary shape. We found strong integration between the shape of the cranial base, orbits, and the shape and orientation of the palate and premaxilla. Facial orientation in our sample is also highly variable. As a dorsally rotated palate is associated with a ventral rotation of the orbits but not with a reduced basicranial angle, the “facial block” hypothesis cannot explain the variation in facial orientation in Pongo. Our results also indicate that mature males have a more ventrally oriented lower face that may be due to a reconfiguration of the craniofacial complex during the extended male growth phase. These findings demonstrate that there is strong integration between the cranial base and face and a high degree of variation in facial orientation in Pongo.
Starting Page	489
Ending Page	512
Page Count	24
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01640291
Journal	International Journal of Primatology
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15738604
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-05-20
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Airorhynchy Bornean orangutan Facial orientation Geometric morphometrics Morphological integration Partial least squares Evolutionary Biology Zoology Animal Genetics and Genomics Anthropology Animal Ecology Human Genetics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Animal Science and Zoology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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