NDLI: Effects of Arctic Sea Ice Decline on Weather and Climate: A Review

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Vihma, Timo
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	The areal extent, concentration and thickness of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas have strongly decreased during the recent decades, but cold, snow-rich winters have been common over mid-latitude land areas since 2005. A review is presented on studies addressing the local and remote effects of the sea ice decline on weather and climate. It is evident that the reduction in sea ice cover has increased the heat flux from the ocean to atmosphere in autumn and early winter. This has locally increased air temperature, moisture, and cloud cover and reduced the static stability in the lower troposphere. Several studies based on observations, atmospheric reanalyses, and model experiments suggest that the sea ice decline, together with increased snow cover in Eurasia, favours circulation patterns resembling the negative phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation and Arctic Oscillation. The suggested large-scale pressure patterns include a high over Eurasia, which favours cold winters in Europe and northeastern Eurasia. A high over the western and a low over the eastern North America have also been suggested, favouring advection of Arctic air masses to North America. Mid-latitude winter weather is, however, affected by several other factors, which generate a large inter-annual variability and often mask the effects of sea ice decline. In addition, the small sample of years with a large sea ice loss makes it difficult to distinguish the effects directly attributable to sea ice conditions. Several studies suggest that, with advancing global warming, cold winters in mid-latitude continents will no longer be common during the second half of the twenty-first century. Recent studies have also suggested causal links between the sea ice decline and summer precipitation in Europe, the Mediterranean, and East Asia.
Starting Page	1175
Ending Page	1214
Page Count	40
File Format	PDF
ISSN	01693298
Journal	Surveys in Geophysics
Volume Number	35
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15730956
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2014-03-09
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Arctic Climate change Mid-latitude weather Sea ice Snow Winter weather Geophysics/Geodesy Earth Sciences Astronomy, Observations and Techniques
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geophysics Geochemistry and Petrology

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