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Competition and evolution along environmental gradients: patterns, boundaries and sympatric divergence

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	García Ramos, Gisela Huang, Yunxin
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	The present study examined how competitive interactions and environmental conditions generate species boundaries and determine species distributions. A spatially explicit, quantitative genetic, two-species competition model was used to manipulate the strengths of competition, gene flow and local adaptation along environmental gradients. This allowed us to assess the long-term persistence of each species and whether the ranges they inhabited had boundaries in space or were unlimited. We found that a species boundary arises along less steep environmental gradients when the strength of stabilizing selection and diversifying selection are similar. We also found that a species boundary may arise along shallow environmental gradients if interspecific competition is more intense than intraspecific, which relaxes previous requirements for steep gradients for generating range limits. We determined an analytical form for the critical environmental gradient as a function of ecological and genetic parameters at which a species boundary is expected to arise by competition. Results suggest an alternative to resource competition as an explanation for phenotypic divergence between sympatric competitors. Competitors sharing a trait that is under stabilizing selection along an environmental gradient may segregate spatially and evolve in different regions, with phenotypic sympatric divergence reflecting the resulting clines. Along various types of environmental gradients, variation in stabilizing selection intensities could lead to contrasting patterns in the distribution of species. For stabilizing selection strengths in accord with field data estimates, this study predicts that the level of sympatric character divergence would be limited along environmental gradients.
Starting Page	489
Ending Page	504
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02697653
Journal	Evolutionary Ecology
Volume Number	27
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	15738477
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2012-10-30
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Species range Species boundaries Character displacement Spatial patterning Gene flow and local adaptation Quantitative genetic model Evolutionary Biology Plant Sciences Human Genetics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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