NDLI: Dust from Zambian smelters: mineralogy and contaminant bioaccessibility

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ettler, Vojtěch Vítková, Martina Mihaljevič, Martin Šebek, Ondřej Klementová, Mariana Veselovský, František Vybíral, Pavel Kříbek, Bohdan
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	Metal smelting is often responsible for local contamination of environmental compartments. Dust materials escaping from the smelting facilities not only settle in the soil, but can also have direct effects on populations living close to these operations (by ingestion or inhalation). In this particular study, we investigate dusts from Cu–Co metal smelters in the Zambian Copperbelt, using a combination of mineralogical techniques (XRD, SEM/EDS, and TEM/EDS), in order to understand the solid speciation of the contaminants, as well as their bioaccessibility using in vitro tests in simulated gastric and lung fluids to assess the exposure risk for humans. The leaching of metals was mainly dependent on the contaminant mineralogy. Based on our results, a potential risk can be recognized, particularly from ingestion of the dust, with bioaccessible fractions ranging from 21 to 89 % of the total contaminant concentrations. In contrast, relatively low bioaccessible fractions were observed for simulated lung fluid extracts, with values ranging from 0.01 % (Pb) up to 16.5 % (Co) of total contaminant concentrations. Daily intakes via oral exposure, calculated for an adult (70 kg, ingestion rate 50 mg dust per day), slightly exceeded the tolerable daily intake limits for Co (1.66× for fly ash and 1.19× for slag dust) and occasionally also for Pb (1.49×, fly ash) and As (1.64×, electrostatic precipitator dust). Cobalt has been suggested as the most important pollutant, and the direct pathways of the population’s exposures to dust particles in the industrial parts of the Zambian Copperbelt should be further studied in interdisciplinary investigations.
Starting Page	919
Ending Page	933
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02694042
Journal	Environmental Geochemistry and Health
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	15732983
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2014-04-12
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Dust Metal smelting Copper Cobalt Solid speciation Bioaccessibility Zambian Copperbelt Environmental Health Geochemistry Terrestrial Pollution Soil Science & Conservation Environmental Chemistry Public Health
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Medicine Geochemistry and Petrology Environmental Engineering Water Science and Technology

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