NDLI: Amplification of long-period waves in shallow coastal embayments of the Great Lakes

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Hlevca, Bogdan Wells, Mathew G. Parker, Scott
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Lake water level fluctuations provide an important role in flushing shallow coastal embayments in the Great Lakes, especially if the embayment has a resonant response. Specifically, long-period waves (of periods 4–30 min) can excite resonance in coastal embayments, which greatly increases the flushing rates. We describe how resonance can explain the difference in responses of three shallow $$({\text{depth}} \,{\approx }2\, \hbox {m})$$ coastal embayments of Lake Ontario and Lake Huron to similar long-period waves. Higher frequency water level fluctuations were analyzed to determine the most influential frequencies within the embayments. Observations in two adjacent embayments in Lake Huron show dramatic differences between their amplified responses to identical forcing, while in Frenchman’s Bay the oscillations are damped for the whole forcing spectrum. We model the water level response of the shallow coastal embayments to lake long-period wave forcing using a driven Helmholtz harmonic resonator. We compare and find favourable agreement $$(R^{2}=78\,\%)$$ between the amplification of water level fluctuations predicted by our model and field values for nearly enclosed embayments, where the Helmholtz mode dominates the energy of the oscillations. Additionally, strong peaks corresponding to the first three natural modes are observed in the water level oscillations of one of the Lake Huron embayments. This embayment has a wider entrance and its stronger amplified response can be explained using an analytical model based on an asymptotic theory of nonlinear resonance of free long-period oscillations induced by wind waves.
Starting Page	1181
Ending Page	1213
Page Count	33
File Format	PDF
ISSN	15677419
Journal	Environmental Fluid Mechanics
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15731510
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Netherlands
Publisher Date	2015-04-05
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Coastal embayments Great Lakes Long waves Short waves Nonlinear Resonance Earth Sciences Environmental Physics Hydrology/Water Resources Mechanics Hydrogeology Oceanography
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Environmental Chemistry Water Science and Technology

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