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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Gschwend, Andrea R. Weingartner, Laura A. Moore, Richard C. Ming, Ray |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | Our understanding of the evolution of sex chromosomes has increased greatly in recent years due to a number of molecular evolutionary investigations in divergent sex chromosome systems, and these findings are reshaping theories of sex chromosome evolution. In particular, the dynamics of the sex-determining region (SDR) have been demonstrated by recent findings in ancient and incipient sex chromosomes. Radical changes in genomic structure and gene content in the male specific region of the Y chromosome between human and chimpanzee indicated rapid evolution in the past 6 million years, defying the notion that the pace of evolution in the SDR was fast at early stages but slowed down overtime. The chicken Z and the human X chromosomes appeared to have acquired testis-expressed genes and expanded in intergenic regions. Transposable elements greatly contributed to SDR expansion and aided the trafficking of genes in the SDR and its X or Z counterpart through retrotransposition. Dosage compensation is not a destined consequence of sex chromosomes as once thought. Most X-linked microRNA genes escape silencing and are expressed in testis. Collectively, these findings are challenging many of our preconceived ideas of the evolutionary trajectory and fates of sex chromosomes. |
| Starting Page | 57 |
| Ending Page | 69 |
| Page Count | 13 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 09673849 |
| Journal | Chromosome Research |
| Volume Number | 20 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| e-ISSN | 15736849 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Netherlands |
| Publisher Date | 2011-11-22 |
| Publisher Place | Dordrecht |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Dosage compensation gene trafficking microRNA transposable elements sex chromosome evolution Plant Genetics & Genomics Human Genetics Cell Biology Animal Genetics and Genomics |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Genetics |
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