NDLI: A comprehensive simulator of the human respiratory system: Validation with experimental and simulated data

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Chiari, Lorenzo Avanzolini, Guido Ursi, Mauro
Copyright Year	1997
Abstract	A comprehensive model of oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange, transport, and storage in the adult human is presented, and its ability to provide realistic responses under different physiological conditions is evaluated. The model comprises three compartments (i.e., lung, body tissue, and brain tissue) and incorporates a controller that adjusts alveolar ventilation and cardiac output dynamically integrating stimuli coming from peripheral and central chemoreceptors. A new realistic CO2 dissociation curve based on a two-buffer model of acid-base chemical regulation is included. In addition, the model explicitly considers relevant physiological factors such as buffer base, the nonlinear interaction between the O2 and CO2 chemoreceptor responses, pulmonary shunt, dead space, variable time delays, and Bohr and Haldane effects. Model simulations provide results consistent with both dynamic and steady-state responses measured in subjects undergoing inhalation of high CO2 (hypercapnia) or low O2 (hypoxia) and subsequent recovery. An analysis of the results indicates that the proposed model fits the experimental data of ventilation and gas partial pressures as some meaningful simulators now available and in a very large range of gas intake fractions. Moreover, it also provides values of blood concentrations of CO2, HCO− 3, and hydrogen ions in good agreement with more complex simulators characterized by an implicit formulation of the CO2 dissociation curve. In the experimental conditions analyzed, the model seems to represent a single theoretical framework able to appropriately describe the different phenomena involved in the control of respiration.
Starting Page	985
Ending Page	999
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00906964
Journal	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	15739686
Language	English
Publisher	Kluwer Academic Publishers
Publisher Date	1997-01-01
Publisher Place	Dordrecht
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Respiratory system Nonlinear modeling Cardiorespiratory control Acid-base regulation Carbon dioxide dissociation curve Hypercapnia hypoxia Biomedicine general Biochemistry Mechanics Biophysics/Biomedical Physics Biomedical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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