NDLI: Quantification of Shear Deformations and Corresponding Stresses in the Biaxially Tested Human Myocardium

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Sommer, Gerhard Haspinger, Daniel Ch. Andrä, Michaela Sacherer, Michael Viertler, Christian Regitnig, Peter Holzapfel, Gerhard A.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	One goal of cardiac research is to perform numerical simulations to describe/reproduce the mechanoelectrical function of the human myocardium in health and disease. Such simulations are based on a complex combination of mathematical models describing the passive mechanical behavior of the myocardium and its electrophysiology, i.e., the activation of cardiac muscle cells. The problem in developing adequate constitutive models is the shortage of experimental data suitable for detailed parameter estimation in specific functional forms. A combination of shear and biaxial extension tests with different loading protocols on different specimen orientations is necessary to capture adequately the direction-dependent (orthotropic) response of the myocardium. In most experimental animal studies, where planar biaxial extension tests on the myocardium have been conducted, the generated shear stresses were neither considered nor discussed. Hence, in this study a method is presented which allows the quantification of shear deformations and related stresses. It demonstrates an approach for experimenters as to how the generation of these shear stresses can be minimized during mechanical testing. Experimental results on 14 passive human myocardial specimens, obtained from nine human hearts, show the efficiency of this newly developed method. Moreover, the influence of the clamping technique of the specimen, i.e., the load transmission between the testing device and the tissue, on the stress response is determined by testing an isotropic material (Latex). We identified that the force transmission between the testing device and the specimen by means of hooks and cords does not influence the performed experiments. We further showed that in-plane shear stresses definitely exist in biaxially tested human ventricular myocardium, but can be reduced to a minimum by preparing the specimens in an appropriate manner. Moreover, we showed whether shear stresses can be neglected when performing planar biaxial extension tests on fiber-reinforced materials. The used method appears to be robust to quantify normal and shear deformations and corresponding stresses in biaxially tested human myocardium. This method can be applied for the mechanical characterization of any fiber-reinforced material using planar biaxial extension tests.
Starting Page	2334
Ending Page	2348
Page Count	15
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00906964
Journal	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Volume Number	43
Issue Number	10
e-ISSN	15739686
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2015-02-24
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Biaxial extension test Shear deformation Shear stress Passive human left ventricular myocardium Mechanical property Biomedicine Biomedical Engineering Biological and Medical Physics, Biophysics Classical Mechanics Biochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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