NDLI: Technical features of a CCD video camera system to record cardiac fluorescence data

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Baxter, William T. Davidenko, Jorge M. Loew, Leslie M. Wuskell, Joseph P. Jalife, José
Copyright Year	1997
Abstract	A charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used to acquie movies of transmembrane activity from thin slices of sheep ventricular epicardial muscle stained with a voltage-sensitive dye. Compared with photodiodes, CCDs have high spatial resolution, but low temporal resolution. Spatial resolution in our system ranged from 0.04 to 0.14 mm/pixel; the acquisition rate was 60, 120, or 240 frames/sec. Propagating waves were readily visualized after subtraction of a background image. The optical signal had an amplitude of 1 to 6 gray levels, with signal-to-noise ratios between 1.5 and 4.4. Because CCD cameras in-tegrate light over the frame interval, moving objects, including propagating waves, are blurred in the resulting movies. A computer model of such an integrating imaging system was developed to study the effects of blur, noise, filtering, and quantization on the ability to measure conduction velocity and action potential duration (APD). The model indicated that blurring, filtering, and quantization do not affect the ability to localize wave fronts in the optical data (i.e., no systematic error in determining spatial position), but noise does increase the uncertainty of the measurements. The model also showed that the low frame rates of the CCD camera introduced a systematic error in the calculation of APD: for cutoff levels >50%, the APD was erroneusly long. Both noise and quantization increased the uncertainty in the APD measurements. The optical measures of conduction velocity were not significantly different from those measured simultaneously with microelectrodes. Optical APDs, however, were longer than the electrically recorded APDs. This APD error could be reduced by using the 50% cutoff level and the fastest frame rate possible.
Starting Page	713
Ending Page	725
Page Count	13
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00906964
Journal	Annals of Biomedical Engineering
Volume Number	25
Issue Number	4
e-ISSN	15739686
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	1997-01-01
Publisher Place	Boston
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Optical mapping Voltage-sensitive dyes Electro-physiology Conduction velocity Action potential duration Biomedicine general Biochemistry Mechanics Biophysics/Biomedical Physics Biomedical Engineering
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Biomedical Engineering

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