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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Küsters, E. Raden, H. |
| Copyright Year | 1998 |
| Abstract | Im Wattenmeer der Nordsee, in dem es vor allem während der Zugzeiten im Frühjahr und Herbst zu gewaltigen Vogelansammlungen, insbesondere von Anatiden und Limikolen kommt, befinden sich sowohl Luft-Boden-Schießplätze wie auch Erprobungsplätze für Rohrwaffen und Kleinraketen. Zur Ermittlung, ob und in welcher Weise durch das Schießen Störungen der Vogelwelt verursacht werden und wie sich eventuelle Störungen minimieren lassen, wurden im Königshafen/Sylt und in der Meldorfer Bucht Untersuchungen zum Verhalten der Vögel in unterschiedlichen Situationen durchgeführt. Die in extremem Tiefflug erfolgenden Einsätze der Flugzeug-Bordwaffen (Bomben, Raketen, Bordkanonen) wurden mit sehr verschiedenartigen Reaktionen beantwortet, wobei die Reaktionsintensität von der Reihenfolge der Einsatzart (Habituation bei Beginn mit geräuscharmen Waffen), vor allem aber von der Tide abhängig war. In der Meldorfer Bucht bestand ebenfalls eine starke Tidenabhängigkeit der Reaktion (Abb. 1-5). Die heftigsten Reaktionen wurden ausgelöst, wenn sich während der Geschoßerprobungen große Limikolenschwärme mit sehr geringem Individualabstand auf den Hochwasserrastplätzen aufhielten und es dadurch zu intensiven gegenseitigen Beeinflussungen kam. Anhand der Untersuchungsergebnisse wird versucht, einen Überblick über die wesentlichsten auf den Einzelvogel einwirkenden Parameter zu geben (Abb. 6). Ob auf einen Schuß oder einen sonstigen Störreiz hin ein Ortswechsel erfolgt, hängt davon ab, welche Faktoren in dem das Verhalten steuernden komplexen Wirkungsgefüge zu gerade jenem Zeitpunkt am stärksten wirken.The Wadden Sea of the North Sea which are home to high concentrations of waterfowl and shorebirds, especially during the migratory seasons are also the sites of several air-to-ground shooting ranges and ammunition test areas. Investigations were carried out in Königshafen (island of Sylt) and in Meldorf Bay to find out if and in which way the military shooting causes disturbances to the birds and how negative effects can be minimized. The reactions of the birds to bombing and shooting air-to-ground missiles and machine guns from low flying planes covered a wide range from continuing feeding over alert behaviour to spontaneous flight. Reaction intensity depended on the sequence in which the weapons were fired (habituation if the shooting started with low noise level weapons) and particularly on the tide. A strong correlation between the birds' reactions and the tide were also observed in Meldorf Bay (Figs. 1-5). The most intensive reactions were observed when ammunition tests were conducted while shorebirds were sitting closely together in large flocks on their high tide roosts. Based on the results of the investigations, an attempt is made to provide a survey of the main parameters influencing the behaviour of a single bird (Fig. 6). Whether shooting or any other disturbance causes the bird to fly away or not depends on which one of the factors of the complex system that regulates the bird's behaviour has the strongest influence at that very moment.Dans la „Wattenmeer“ de la Mer du Nord, surtout en temps de migration, au printemps et en automne, d'énormes rassemblements d'oiseaux sont observés, en particulier d'anatides et de limicoles. Cet endroit est le site de plusieurs polygones de tirs air-sol, ainsi que des places de tests pour fusils à canons et missiles. Pour savoir si et dans quelles mesures les oiseaux sont dérangés par les tirs et si des perturbations éventuelles peuvent être réduites, des recherches ont été menées à Königshafen/Sylt et dans la baie de Meldorf pour observer le comportement des oiseaux face à différentes situations. La réaction des oiseaux lors de bombardements et de tirs de missiles air-sol et de mitraillettes d'avions en bas-vols, a été manifestée de différentes maniéres. Il faut toutefois signaler que l'intensité de la réaction dépendait dans quel ordre les armes avaient été employées (accoutumance quand des armes moins bryantes étaient empolyées au début). Mais cette intensité était surtout dépendante de la marée. Dans la baie de Meldorf la réaction dépendait en grande partie de la marée (Fig. 1-5). Les réactions les plus violentes ont été causées quand pendant les tirs, des grandes volées serrées de limicoles so tenaient sur leurs aires de repos à marée haute. On essaie, à l'aide des résultats de donner une vue d'ensemble sur les paramètres les plus importants ayant un impact sur l'oiseau individuel (Fig. 6). Si à un tir ou à un dérangement quelconque ce s'ensuit un changement de lieu de l'oiseau ou non celà dépend quels facteurs du système complexe réglant le comportement de l'oiseau exercent l'influence la plus forte à ce moment là. |
| Starting Page | 221 |
| Ending Page | 236 |
| Page Count | 16 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00442887 |
| Journal | European Journal of Wildlife Research |
| Volume Number | 44 |
| Issue Number | 4 |
| e-ISSN | 14390574 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 1998-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Animal Ecology Zoology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Ecology Animal Science and Zoology |
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