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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Mangold, U. Jalili, B. Heidemann, G. Schumacher, U. |
| Copyright Year | 1999 |
| Abstract | In den letzten Jahren hat sich der Kaninchenbesatz in vielen Regionen Deutschlands trotz anscheinend guter Habitatbedingungen so stark vermindert, daß keine Bejagung mehr lohnend ist. Im Gegensatz dazu gibt es Regionen, in denen dieser Rückgang nicht zu verzeichnen ist; eine Erklärung für diese lokalen und landesweiten Bestandseinbrüche steht aus.Um mögliche morphologisch erfaßbare Ursachen zu analysieren, wurden 13 Kaninchen (Oryctolagus cuniculus (L.)) aus zwei vom Bestandsrückgang betroffenen Revieren mit Frettchen gefangen und morphologisch und biochemisch untersucht.Die meisten histologischen Befunde zeigten erwartungsgemäß eine normale Organstruktur. Insbesondere zeigten der männliche und weibliche Reproduktionstrakt nur bei jeweils einem Tier pathologische Veränderungen, so daß Fertilitätsstörungen als Ursache für den Besatzrückgang nahezu ausgeschlossen werden können. Bei vier Tieren lag ein Bandwurmbefall vor, bei sechs Tieren wurden Kokzidienoozyten im Dickdarm gefunden. Als wichtigster pathologischer Befund fanden sich bei sieben Tieren Lebernekrosen mit eosinophilem Randsaum. Bei diesen Tieren waren laborchemisch Zeichen einer Leberschädigung vorhanden. Die Lebernekrosen waren korreliert mit Granulomen in der Lunge. Diese Befunde könnten für eine Infektion mitToxoplasma gondii sprechen, die jedoch immunhistochemisch nicht abgesichert werden konnte. Da die Kaninchen lebend gefangen wurden und bei Lebendbeobachtung keine Anzeichen für eine Erkrankung aufwiesen, überrascht die hohe Rate morphologisch faßbarer Organveränderungen.Despite good habitat conditions the wild rabbit populations in many regions of Germany have declined so drastically in the past years that hunting is no longer worthwhile. In contrast there are other regions where no decline has been observed: an explanation for these local and regional population crashes has not been found as yet.In order to analyze possible morphological causes, 13 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.) from 2 districts affected by the population decline were caught using ferrets and morphologically and biochemically examined.Most histological results showed the expected normal organ structure. Especially the male and female reproductive tracts showed pathological changes in respectively one male and female animal so that aberrations in fertility as cause for the population reductions can be practically eliminated. Tapeworms were found in 4 specimens, and coccidia infections in the large intestines in 6 others. The most important pathological finding was liver necrosis with an eosinophilic margin among 7 specimens. These animals also showed chemical symptoms of liver damage. The liver necroses were correlated with granuloma in the lungs. These results could indicate an infection with Toxoplasma gondii, which, however, could not be immuno-histochemically proven. The rabbits were caught live for observation during which time no symptoms of illness could be discovered. Hence, the high rate of morphologically evident organ changes is surprising. Further investigations are planned to determine the causal factors.Au cours des dernières années et dans de nombreuses régions de l'Allemagne, les populations du Lapin, malgré des conditions de milieu convenables, se sont réduites au point de rendre superflue toute exploitation cynégétique. A l'opposé, des régions existent dans lesquelles cette régression n'est pas perceptible: une explicatioon pour ces percées locales et étendues fait toujours défaut.Afin d'analyser d'éventuelles causes de ce phénomène, vérifiables sur le plan morphologique, 15 lapins (Oryctolagus cuniculus L.), provenant de deux territoires où l'espèce est en régression, ont été capturés au moyen de furets et analysés sur les plans morphologique et biochimique.La plupart des constatations histologiques conclurent, comme prévu, à une structure organique normale. Plus particulièrement, les appareils reproducteurs mâles et femelles révélèrent chaque fois des altérations pathologiques chez un seul individu, de telle sorte que des troubles de la fertilité peuvent pratiquement ête exclus comme causes d'une régression quantitative. Une atteinte par des cestodes a été constatée chez 4 animaux, des oocytes de Coccidie ont été trouvés dans le gros intestin de 6 animaux. La constatation pathologique la plus grave a été faite sur 7 animaux où des nécroses avec bourrelet éosinophile ont été observées au niveau du foie. Chez ces animaux, des indices chimiques d'altération du foie étaient relevés. Les nécroses du foie étaient liées à des granulomes dans les poumons. Ces constatations portaient à croire que l'on se trouvait en présence d'une infection deToxoplasma gondii, laquelle n'a pu cependant être confirmée au niveau immuno-histochimique. Etant donné que les lapins avaient été capturés vivants et qu'aucun indice pathologique n'avait pu être décelé à ce moment, le taux élevé d'altérations organiques, vérifiables sur le plan morphologique, apparait surprenant. D'autres recherches sur l'étiologie de ces altérations sont envisagées. |
| Starting Page | 139 |
| Ending Page | 146 |
| Page Count | 8 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 00442887 |
| Journal | European Journal of Wildlife Research |
| Volume Number | 45 |
| Issue Number | 2 |
| e-ISSN | 14390574 |
| Language | French |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 1999-01-01 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Animal Ecology Zoology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Ecology Animal Science and Zoology |
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