NDLI: The roles of environmental and geographic variables in explaining the differential wintering distribution of a migratory passerine in southern Europe

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Arizaga, Juan Bota, Gerard Mazuelas, David Vera, Pablo
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	In birds, spatial segregation between age or sex categories during the non-breeding period is a common phenomenon. The main single-factor hypotheses that have been stated to explain this are: (1) body-size variations (that result in more or less cold tolerance) interact with local climate, which promotes age- or sex-associated distributional optima; (2) the dominant age or sex monopolizes high-quality areas; and (3) the age or sex overwintering closer to breeding quarters does so due to the benefits of earlier arrival at the breeding quarters. Southern European countries host millions of birds from northern Europe during the winter period each year. In this work, we aimed to determine the ultimate causes (geographic location and distance to obligate migratory pathways, temperature and land use as a surrogate for food availability) explaining spatial segregation of Reed Buntings (Emberiza schoeniclus) by age and sex in winter. We used data from 38 sampling points across Iberia during the winter of 2011–2012. Reed Bunting abundance did not fit any of our possible models better than the null model, so we were unable to predict bird numbers across Iberia. Moreover, males were found to be predominant at sites close to presumably obligate migratory pathways (western/eastern Pyrenees). Body mass was higher in first-year birds and males, and tended to increase with distance to obligate migratory pathways, land use (in particular with a decreasing proportion of open habitats and urban areas), increasing minimum temperature, and decreasing mean temperature. Our data suggest that the increase in the proportion of males close to obligate migratory pathways is associated with the advantage to males in wintering as close as possible to breeding quarters. Die Rolle von Umwelt- und geographischen Variablen bei der Erklärung unterschiedlicher Winterverbreitungen eines ziehenden Sperlingsvogels in Südeuropa Bei Vögeln ist eine räumliche Trennung von Altersgruppen oder Geschlechtern außerhalb der Brutsaison ein weit verbreitetes Phänomen. Dies sind die einen einzelnen Faktor berücksichtigenden Haupthypothesen, die zur Erklärung herangezogen worden sind: (1) Unterschiede in der Körpergröße (die zu einer geringeren oder höheren Toleranz niedriger Temperaturen führen) interagieren mit dem lokalen Klima, was alters- oder geschlechtsspezifische Verbreitungsoptima begünstigt, (2) das dominante Alter oder Geschlecht monopolisiert hochwertige Gebiete und (3) das Alter oder Geschlecht, das näher am Brutgebiet überwintert, kann die Vorteile einer früheren Ankunft im Brutgebiet ausnutzen. Millionen nordeuropäischer Vögel überwintern jedes Jahr in südeuropäischen Ländern. In dieser Arbeit wollten wir die ultimaten Ursachen (geographische Lage und Entfernung zu obligaten Zugwegen, Temperatur und Landnutzung als Stellvertreter für Nahrungsverfügbarkeit), welche die räumliche Trennung von Rohrammern (Emberiza schoeniclus) im Winter nach Alter und Geschlecht erklären, ermitteln. Wir haben Daten von 38 Beobachtungspunkten in ganz Spanien aus dem Winter 2011–2012 herangezogen. Keines der möglichen Modelle erklärte die Abundanz der Rohrammern besser als das Nullmodell, wodurch wir nicht in der Lage waren, die Zahlen der Vögel in Spanien vorherzusagen. Darüber hinaus fanden wir, dass in der Nähe vermutlich obligater Zugwege (westliche/östliche Pyrenäen) überwiegend Männchen auftraten. Die Körpermasse war bei einjährigen Vögeln und Männchen höher und neigte dazu, mit der Entfernung zu obligaten Zugwegen, stärkerer Landnutzung (besonders mit einem abnehmenden Anteil offener Habitate und urbaner Flächen), steigenden Mindesttemperaturen und abnehmenden Durchschnittstemperaturen zuzunehmen. Unsere Daten deuten darauf hin, dass die Zunahme des Männchenanteils in der Nähe obligater Zugwege damit zusammenhängt, dass es für die Männchen vorteilhaft ist, so nah wie möglich am Brutgebiet zu überwintern.
Starting Page	469
Ending Page	479
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	21937192
Journal	Journal für Ornithologie
Volume Number	156
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	21937206
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-12-16
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Farmland Migration pathway Population structure Emberiza schoeniclus Zoology Animal Ecology Evolutionary Biology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article

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