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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Michalczuk, Jerzy McDevitt, Allan D. Mazgajski, Tomasz D. Figarski, Tomasz Ilieva, Mihaela Bujoczek, Małgorzata Malczyk, Paweł Kajtoch, Łukasz |
| Copyright Year | 2014 |
| Abstract | Great Spotted and Syrian Woodpeckers (Dendrocopos major and D. syriacus) are known to hybridize in nature; however, the extent of this phenomenon is not known due to difficulties in hybrid detection based on plumage analyses. Here, we tested five markers (one mitochondrial and four nuclear) and a set of six microsatellite loci for the identification of these two Woodpeckers and their hybrids. Sequencing of DNA from 26 individuals of both Woodpeckers from different parts of their ranges: one allopatric (D. major; Norway) and two sympatric (Poland and Bulgaria) showed that both species can be clearly separated based on all sequence markers. The highest number of fixed nucleotide sites were found in the mtDNA control region and intron 5 of the transforming growth factor. Analyses of microsatellite data distinguished the two species, but all loci showed a large number of common alleles and their utility in identifying hybrids is therefore doubtful. According to the DNA sequence analyses, 2 out of 18 specimens within the sympatric range in Poland were identified as possible hybrids, most probably paternal backcrosses. Moreover, both hybrids are from synantropic populations (settled in cities), whereas none of the D. major sampled in forests and in its allopatric range (Norway) showed signs of an intermixed genotype. Further research on hybridization and introgression in woodpeckers is undoubtedly needed and could be useful for understanding ecological and ethological interactions among these species, particularly for D. syriacus, which is relatively rare in Europe. Multiple molekulare Marker zur Identifizierung des Buntspechts, des Blutspechts und ihrer Hybriden Buntspechte und die Blutspechte (Dendrocopos major und D. syriacus) sind dafür bekannt, in der Natur zu hybridisieren, aber das Ausmaß dieses Phänomens ist aufgrund von Schwierigkeiten bei der Erkennung von Hybriden auf der Basis von Gefiederanalysen nicht bekannt. Wir testeten fünf verschiedene molekulare Marker (einen mitochondrialen und vier nukleare) und einen Satz von sechs Mikrosatelliten-Loci für die Identifizierung dieser beiden Spechtarten und ihren Hybriden. Die Sequenzierung der DNA von 26 Individuen beider Arten aus verschiedenen Regionen ihres Verbreitungsgebietes, eine allopatrische (D. major - Norwegen) und zwei sympatrische (Polen und Bulgarien) zeigten auf, dass beide Arten auf der Basis von allen Sequenzmarkern eindeutig identifiziert werden können. Die größte Anzahl fester Nukleotid-Stellen wurde in der mtDNA-Kodierungsregion und im Intron 5 des transformierenden Wachstumsfaktors gefunden. Die Daten aus der Mikrosatellitenanalyse ermöglichen es zwar, die beiden Arten zu unterscheiden, aber alle Loci zeigten eine große Anzahl von gemeinsamen Allelen, wodurch ihr Nutzen bei der Identifizierung von Hybriden zweifelhaft ist. Die DNA-Sequenzanalyse zeigte, dass 2 von 18 Proben aus dem sympatrischen Areal in Polen als mögliche Hybride identifiziert wurden und wahrscheinlich aus väterlichen Rückkreuzungen stammen. Darüber hinaus sind beide Hybriden aus städtischen Populationen, während keiner der D. major in Wäldern und in seinem allopatrischen Verbreitungsgebiet (Norwegen) Anzeichen eines vermischten Genotyps zeigte. Weitere Untersuchungen der Hybridisierung und Introgression bei Spechten sind zweifellos notwendig und hilfreich für das Verständnis der ökologischen und ethologischen Interaktionen zwischen diesen Arten, insbesondere für D. syriacus, welcher in Europa relativ selten vorkommt. |
| Starting Page | 591 |
| Ending Page | 600 |
| Page Count | 10 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 21937192 |
| Journal | Journal für Ornithologie |
| Volume Number | 155 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 21937206 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
| Publisher Date | 2014-01-22 |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | Subscribed |
| Subject Keyword | Mitochondrial DNA Microsatellites Hybridization Picidae Dendrocopos major Dendrocopos syriacus Zoology Animal Ecology Evolutionary Biology |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
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