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In situ and laboratory investigations of fluid flow through an argillaceous formation at different scales of space and time, Tournemire tunnel, southern France

Hydrogeology Journal : Volume 8

Hydrogeology Journal : Volume 7

Hydrogeology Journal : Volume 6

Hydrogeology Journal : Volume 5

In situ and laboratory investigations of fluid flow through an argillaceous formation at different scales of space and time, Tournemire tunnel, southern France

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Boisson, Jean Yves Bertrand, Lucien Heitz, Jean François Golvan, Yann
Copyright Year	2001
Abstract	In the context of a research and development program on waste disposal, an experimental site (Tournemire tunnel, Aveyron, France) was selected by the French Institute for Nuclear Protection and Safety (IPSN) in order to undertake studies on potential fluid flow at different scales of space and time within a 250-m-thick argillaceous formation. The argillite has a low natural water content (~3–5%) and very low radii access porosity. Diffusion (tritiated water) coefficients (1×10$^{–12}$ to 2×10$^{–11}$ m$^{2}$/s) and hydraulic conductivities derived from different types of laboratory tests (10$^{–14}$ to 10$^{–13}$ m/s) are characteristics of a very low-permeable rock. In situ hydraulic tests (including long-term hydraulic-head measurements) were used to obtain values for hydraulic head and hydraulic conductivity at a scale of 1–10 m (10$^{–13}$ to 10$^{–11}$ m/s). Despite uncertainties on these data (due to a scale factor, presence of fissures, and possible artefacts due to hydro-chemo-mechanical coupling), it is expected that fluid flow is essentially governed by diffusion processes. Identification of possible natural flows at larger scales of time and space was investigated using natural isotopic tracers from interstitial fluids. Modelling, based on the deuterium profile along the clay formation and assuming pure diffusion processes, provides estimations of possible flow times. However, lack of knowledge concerning the past geological evolution of the site and the possible role of a fracture network do not permit reduction of uncertainties on these estimations at this stage. Dans le cadre de son programme de recherche et développement sur les stockages de déchets, un site expérimental (tunnel de Tournemire, Aveyron, France) a été sélectionné par l'Institut de Protection et Sûreté Nucléaire (IPSN) pour conduire des études sur les possibilités de transferts de fluides à différentes échelles de temps et d'espace au sein d'une formation argileuse de 250 m d'épaisseur. L'argilite est caractérisée par de faibles teneurs en eau (~3–5%) et de très petits rayons d'accès de pores. Les coefficients de diffusion à l'eau tritiée (1×10$^{–12}$ à 2×10$^{–11}$ m$^{2}$/s) et les conductivités hydrauliques déduites de différents types d'essais au laboratoire (10$^{–13}$ à 10$^{–14}$ m/s) sont caractéristiques d'une roche très imperméable. Des tests hydrauliques in situ (y compris une mesure de charge à long terme) ont fourni des valeurs approchées des charges et un ordre de grandeur des perméabilités à l'échelle de 1–10 m (10$^{–11}$ à 10$^{–13}$ m/s). En dépit des incertitudes sur ces données (facteur d'échelle, présence de fissures, et artéfacts possibles dus aux couplages hydro-chimique et mécanique) on suppose que les transferts sont essentiellement gouvernés par des processus diffusifs. La reconnaissance de transferts naturels possible à une plus grande échelle de temps et d'espace a été étudiée à partir des traceurs isotopiques naturels des fluides interstitiels. Une modélisation, basée sur un profil en deutérium le long de la colonne argileuse et postulant un processus diffusif a permis de proposer une estimation de temps de transfert possible, mais le manque de connaissances précises au stade actuel de l'étude concernant l'évolution géologique passée du site et le rôle possible de la fracturation ne permet pas de réduire les incertitudes constatées sur ces estimations. Dentro del contexto de un programa de investigación y desarrollo para la eliminación de residuos, el Instituto Francés de Protección Nuclear y Seguridad seleccionó un emplazamiento experimental en el túnel de Tournemire (Aveyron, Francia) para llevar a cabo estudios sobre el flujo potencial de fluídos a diferentes escalas temporales y espaciales, en una formación arcillosa de 250 m de espesor. La argilita tiene un contenido natural bajo de agua (~3–5%) y una porosidad accesible muy pequeña. Los coeficientes de difusión de agua con tritio (entre 10$^{–12}$ y 2×10$^{–11}$ m$^{2}$/s) y las conductividades hidráulicas calculadas a partir de diferentes ensayos de laboratorio (entre 10$^{–13}$ y 10$^{–14}$ m/s) son característicos de rocas de muy baja permeabilidad. Se hicieron ensayos hidráulicos in-situ (incluyendo medidas de nivel piezométrico de larga duración) para obtener valores del nivel piezométrico y de la conductividad hidráulica a una escala de 1–10 m (con valores entre 10$^{–11}$ y 10$^{–13}$ m/s). A pesar de las incertidumbres sobre estos datos (debido a factores de escala, a la presencia de fisuras y a posibles artificios ocasionados por el acoplamiento hidro-quimiomecánico), se espera que el flujo de fluídos esté esencialmente controlado por procesos de difusión. La identificación de posibles flujos naturales a escalas temporales y espaciales mayores fue investigada mediante trazadores isotópicos naturales del fluído intersticial. La modelación, basada en el perfil de deuterio a lo largo de la formación de arcilla y en la hipótesis de procesos puramente difusivos, proporciona estimaciones de posibles tiempos de tránsito. Sin embargo, la falta de conocimiento sobre la evolución geológica del lugar y sobre el rol potencial de una red de fracturas no permite reducir las incertidumbres asociadas, en el momento actual, a dichas estimaciones.
Starting Page	108
Ending Page	123
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2001-01-13
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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In situ and laboratory investigations of fluid flow through an argillaceous formation at different scales of space and time, Tournemire tunnel, southern France