Please wait, while we are loading the content...
Please wait, while we are loading the content...
| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Landon, Matthew K. Green, Christopher T. Belitz, Kenneth Singleton, Michael J. Esser, Bradley K. |
| Copyright Year | 2011 |
| Abstract | In a 2,700-km$^{2}$ area in the eastern San Joaquin Valley, California (USA), data from multiple sources were used to determine interrelations among hydrogeologic factors, reduction-oxidation (redox) conditions, and temporal and spatial distributions of nitrate (NO$_{3}$), a widely detected groundwater contaminant. Groundwater is predominantly modern, or mixtures of modern water, with detectable NO$_{3}$ and oxic redox conditions, but some zones have anoxic or mixed redox conditions. Anoxic conditions were associated with long residence times that occurred near the valley trough and in areas of historical groundwater discharge with shallow depth to water. Anoxic conditions also were associated with interactions of shallow, modern groundwater with soils. NO$_{3}$ concentrations were significantly lower in anoxic than oxic or mixed redox groundwater, primarily because residence times of anoxic waters exceed the duration of increased pumping and fertilizer use associated with modern agriculture. Effects of redox reactions on NO$_{3}$ concentrations were relatively minor. Dissolved N$_{2}$ gas data indicated that denitrification has eliminated >5 mg/L NO$_{3}$–N in about 10% of 39 wells. Increasing NO$_{3}$ concentrations over time were slightly less prevalent in anoxic than oxic or mixed redox groundwater. Spatial and temporal trends of NO$_{3}$ are primarily controlled by water and NO$_{3}$ fluxes of modern land use.Sur une surface de 2,700 km$^{2}$ à l’Est de la San Joaquin Valley, Californie (USA), des données de sources multiples ont été utilisées pour déterminer les interrelations entre facteurs hydrogéologiques, conditions redox et distribution temporelle et spatiale du nitrate (NO$_{3}$), un polluant de nappe fréquemment détecté. L’eau de nappe est principalement moderne, ou est un mélange d’eau moderne avec (NO$_{3}$) détectable en milieu oxydant, mais quelques zones présentent des conditions redox anoxiques ou mixtes. Les conditions anoxiques sont associées à des temps de séjour long qui se rencontrent près de la dépression de la vallée et dans des secteurs de décharge historique de nappe de surface. Les conditions anoxiques sont aussi associées à des interactions entre nappe moderne superficielle et sols. Les concentrations en NO$_{3}$ sont sensiblement plus faibles dans les eaux anoxiques que dans les eaux oxydantes ou mixtes, principalement parce que les temps de séjour des eaux anoxiques dépassent la durée croissante de pompage et en raison de l’utilisation des fertilisants associés à l’agriculture moderne. Les effets des réactions réductrices sur la concentration en NO$_{3}$ sont relativement mineurs. Les données sur le gaz N$_{2}$ dissous indiquent que la dénitrification a éliminé >5 mg/L NO$_{3}$-N dans environ 10% de 39 puits. L’augmentation des concentrations NO$_{3}$ dans le temps prévaut légèrement moins en nappe anoxique qu’en nappe à redox oxydant ou mixte. Les tendances spatiales et temporelles de NO$_{3}$ dans le temps sont principalement contrôlées par l’eau et par les flux NO$_{3}$ des pratiques culturales modernes.Se utilizaron datos de fuentes múltiples en un área de 2,700-km$^{2}$ en el este del Valle San Joaquin, California (EEUU), para determinar las interrelaciones entre factores hidrogeológicos, condiciones de oxidación – reducción (redox), y las distribuciones especial y temporal de nitrato (NO$_{3}$), un contaminante del agua subterránea ampliamente detectado. El agua subterránea es predominantemente moderna, o mezclas de agua moderna, con NO$_{3}$ detectable y condiciones redox óxicas, pero algunas zonas tienen condiciones redox mixtas o anóxicas. Las condiciones anóxicas fueron asociadas con largos tiempos de residencia que ocurrieron cerca del canal del valle y en áreas de descarga histórica de agua subterránea con escasa profundidad del agua. Las condiciones anóxicas también fueron asociadas con interacciones de agua subterránea moderna, somera con los suelos. Las concentraciones de NO$_{3}$ fueron significativamente menores en agua subterránea anóxica que en agua subterránea óxicas o de redox mixtas, primariamente debido a que los tiempos de residencia de las aguas anóxicas excedieron la duración del bombeo y el uso de fertilizantes asociados a la agricultura moderna. Los efectos de las reacciones redox sobre las concentraciones de NO$_{3}$ fueron relativamente menores. Los datos del gas N2 disuelto indicaron que la desnitrificación ha eliminado >5 mg/L NO$_{3}$-N en alrededor del 10% de los 39 pozos. Las concentraciones crecientes de NO$_{3}$ con el tiempo fueron levemente menos prevalentes en el agua subterránea anóxica que en óxica o de redox mixta. Las tendencias espaciales y temporales de NO$_{3}$ son primariamente controladas por flujos de agua y NO$_{3}$ del uso moderno de la tierra.摘要 : 在位于美国加州的San Joaquin河谷东部一个面积达2700 km 2的区域内, 用多种方法获取数据, 以查明水文地质条件、氧化还原条件与硝酸盐-一种分布较广的地下水污染物-的时空分布之间的关系。地下水主要是由现代水或混入现代水的水源补给, 处于氧化条件下并含有硝酸盐, 但也存在一些缺氧或混合氧化还原环境。还原环境中的地下水一般驻留时间较长, 且位于河谷槽以及浅埋深的古地下水排泄区附近。还原条件还和浅层现代地下水与土壤的相互作用有关。还原环境中地下水的硝酸盐含量明显低于混合有氧化环境的地下水, 主要是因为还原环境中的地下水驻留时间超过了与现代农业相关的开采量增加与施肥活动。氧化还原反应对硝酸盐浓度的影响非常小。溶解 N2数据表明, 39口井的10%经反硝化反应消耗了大于5 mg/L NO3-N 。还原环境中地下水NO3浓度随时间增加的普遍性不如氧化环境或混合氧化还原环境中的地下水。NO3的时空分布主要是由现代土地利用造成的水和NO3通量所控制。Numa área de 2,700 km$^{2}$ localizada a leste do Vale de San Joaquin, na Califórnia (EUA), foram utilizados dados provenientes de múltiplas fontes para determinar as relações entre os factores hidrogeológicos, condições de oxidação-redução (redox) e distribuições espacial e temporal de nitrato (NO$_{3}$), um contaminante comum nas águas subterrâneas. As águas subterrâneas são predominantemente de origem recente ou resultantes da mistura de águas recentes onde foram detectadas concentrações de NO$_{3}$ e condições não anóxicas, embora em algumas áreas tenham sido identificadas condições anóxicas ou de características mistas. As condições anóxicas estão associadas a tempos de residência longos que ocorrem perto do vale e em áreas históricas de descarga em aquíferos superficiais. As mesmas condições anóxicas estão também associadas com interacções das águas subterrâneas superficiais recentes com solos. As concentrações de NO$_{3}$ são significativamente mais baixas em águas com propriedades anóxicas do que em condições não anóxicas ou mistas, porque os seus tempos de residência excedem o tempo de duração de bombagem intensiva e de uso de fertilizantes na agricultura moderna. Os efeitos de reacções redox sobre as concentrações de NO$_{3}$ são relativamente pouco significativos. A presença de gás N$_{2}$ dissolvido indica que os processos de desnitrificação eliminaram as concentrações de nitratos acima dos 5 mg/LNO$_{3}$-N em aproximadamente 10% do total de 39 poços. O aumento das concentrações de NO$_{3}$ ao longo do tempo foi um pouco menos frequente em condições anóxicas do que em condições não anóxicas ou mistas. As tendências espacial e temporal do NO$_{3}$ são principalmente controladas pela água e pelos fluxos de NO$_{3}$ resultante do uso do solo. |
| Starting Page | 1203 |
| Ending Page | 1224 |
| Page Count | 22 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 19 |
| Issue Number | 6 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | Portuguese |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2011-06-17 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Groundwater monitoring Hydrochemistry Groundwater protection Nitrate USA Geology Hydrogeology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
National Digital Library of India (NDLI) is a virtual repository of learning resources which is not just a repository with search/browse facilities but provides a host of services for the learner community. It is sponsored and mentored by Ministry of Education, Government of India, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT). Filtered and federated searching is employed to facilitate focused searching so that learners can find the right resource with least effort and in minimum time. NDLI provides user group-specific services such as Examination Preparatory for School and College students and job aspirants. Services for Researchers and general learners are also provided. NDLI is designed to hold content of any language and provides interface support for 10 most widely used Indian languages. It is built to provide support for all academic levels including researchers and life-long learners, all disciplines, all popular forms of access devices and differently-abled learners. It is designed to enable people to learn and prepare from best practices from all over the world and to facilitate researchers to perform inter-linked exploration from multiple sources. It is developed, operated and maintained from Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur.
Learn more about this project from here.
NDLI is a conglomeration of freely available or institutionally contributed or donated or publisher managed contents. Almost all these contents are hosted and accessed from respective sources. The responsibility for authenticity, relevance, completeness, accuracy, reliability and suitability of these contents rests with the respective organization and NDLI has no responsibility or liability for these. Every effort is made to keep the NDLI portal up and running smoothly unless there are some unavoidable technical issues.
Ministry of Education, through its National Mission on Education through Information and Communication Technology (NMEICT), has sponsored and funded the National Digital Library of India (NDLI) project.
| Sl. | Authority | Responsibilities | Communication Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education |
Sanctioning Authority | https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives |
| 2 | Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project | https://www.iitkgp.ac.in |
| 3 | National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur | The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project | Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in |
| 4 | Project PI / Joint PI | Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project |
Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon |
| 5 | Website/Portal (Helpdesk) | Queries regarding NDLI and its services | support@ndl.gov.in |
| 6 | Contents and Copyright Issues | Queries related to content curation and copyright issues | content@ndl.gov.in |
| 7 | National Digital Library of India Club (NDLI Club) | Queries related to NDLI Club formation, support, user awareness program, seminar/symposium, collaboration, social media, promotion, and outreach | clubsupport@ndl.gov.in |
| 8 | Digital Preservation Centre (DPC) | Assistance with digitizing and archiving copyright-free printed books | dpc@ndl.gov.in |
| 9 | IDR Setup or Support | Queries related to establishment and support of Institutional Digital Repository (IDR) and IDR workshops | idr@ndl.gov.in |
|
Loading...
|