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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Machel, Hans G. |
| Copyright Year | 1999 |
| Abstract | This article provides a critical synopsis of the effects of groundwater flow on mineral diagenesis. Emphasis is placed on those aspects and processes that change porosity and permeability in carbonate aquifers, because they are of particular importance to human societies as sources of supplies of water for human consumption (drinking, irrigation) and of crude oil and natural gas.Diagenetic settings in carbonates as well as clastics are generally ill defined. This paper proposes a new comprehensive classification of diagenetic settings into near-surface, shallow-, intermediate-, and deep-burial diagenetic settings; hydrocarbon-contaminated plumes; and fractures. These settings are defined on the basis of mineralogy, petroleum, hydrogeochemistry, and hydrogeology. This classification is applicable to all sedimentary basins.Diagenesis is governed by various intrinsic and extrinsic factors that include thermodynamic and kinetic constraints, as well as microstructural factors that may override the others. These factors govern diagenetic processes, such as dissolution, compaction, recrystallization, replacement, and sulfate–hydrocarbon redox-reactions. Processes such as cementation, dissolution, and dolomitization require significant flow of groundwater driven by an externally imposed hydraulic gradient. Other processes, such as stylolitization and thermochemical sulfate reduction, commonly take place without significant groundwater flow in hydrologically nearly or completely stagnant systems that are geochemically "closed."Two major effects of groundwater flow on mineral diagenesis are enhancement and reduction of porosity and permeability, although groundwater flow can also leave these rock properties essentially unchanged. In extreme cases, an aquifer or hydrocarbon reservoir rock can have highly enhanced porosity and permeability due to extensive mineral dissolution, or it can be plugged up due to extensive mineral precipitation. Cet article donne un résumé critique des effets de l'écoulement des eaux souterraines sur la diagenèse minérale. L'accent est mis sur les aspects et les processus qui modifient la porosité et la perméabilité des aquifères carbonatés, parce qu'ils présentent une importance particulière pour les collectivités par leurs ressources en eau (eau potable, irrigation) et par le pétrole et le gaz naturel qu'ils renferment.Les conditions de diagenèse dans les carbonates comme dans les roches détritiques sont en général mal définies. Ce papier propose une nouvelle classification d'ensemble des conditions de diagenèse dans des situations proches de la surface, peu profondes, intermédiaires et profondément enfouies, dans les panaches de pollution par les hydrocarbures et dans des fractures. Ces conditions sont définies en fonction de la minéralogie, du pétrole, de l'hydrogéochimie et de l'hydrogéologie. Cette classification est applicable à tous les bassins sédimentaires.La diagenèse est commandée par divers facteurs intrinsèques et extrinsèques, parmi lesquels les contraintes thermodynamiques et cinétiques des facteurs microstructuraux peuvent s'imposer aux autres. Ces facteurs commandent les processus de diagenèse comme la dissolution, la compaction, la recristallisation, les échanges et les réactions redox concernant les sulfates et les hydrocarbures. Les processus tels que la cimentation, la dissolution et la dolomitisation nécessitent un écoulement important d'eau souterraine commandé par un gradient hydraulique fixé par des conditions externes. D'autres processus, tels que la stylolitisation et la réduction thermochimique des sulfates, se produisent habituellement sans écoulement souterrain significatif dans des systèmes presque ou totalement stagnants qui sont géochimiquement "fermés".Les deux effets dominants des écoulements souterrains sur la diagenèse minérale sont l'accroissement et la diminution de la porosité et de la perméabilité, même si l'écoulement souterrain peut par ailleurs conserver pour l'essentiel intactes les propriétés de la roche. Dans des cas extrêmes, une roche aquifère ou un réservoir pétrolier peut subir une forte augmentation de porosité et de perméabilité du fait d'une dissolution poussée des minéraux, ou bien être cimenté par une importante précipitation de minéraux. Este artículo proporciona una sinopsis crítica de los efectos del flujo de agua subterránea sobre la diagénesis mineral. Se enfatizan aquellos aspectos y procesos que inducen a cambios en la porosidad y permeabilidad de los acuíferos carbonatados, ya que éstos son de gran importancia como fuentes de abastecimiento de agua (para consumo humano o irrigación), petróleo o gas.Los ambientes diagenéticos en carbonatos o rocas clásticas suelen estar mal definidos. En este artículo se propone una nueva clasificación exhaustiva de los ambientes diagenéticos, que se subdividen en cuasi-superficiales, poco-, mediana- o profundamente enterrados, contaminados por hidrocarburos y fracturas. La división se hace a partir de los datos sobre mineralogía, petróleo, hidrogeoquímica e hidrogeología. Esta clasificación es aplicable a cualquier cuenca sedimentaria.La diagénesis está gobernada por factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos, incluyendo los cinéticos, termodinámicos y estructurales (que pueden ser los más limitantes). Estos factores gobiernan algunos procesos diagenéticos: disolución, compactación, recristalización, intercambio y reacciones redox sulfato-hidrocarburos. Otros procesos como cementación, disolución y dolomitización requieren un flujo importante de agua subterránea. En cambio, procesos como la estilolitización y la reducción termoquímica de los sulfatos suelen tener lugar con flujos hidrogeológicos pequeños, en zonas de estancamiento que están "cerradas" geoquímicamente.Los dos efectos más importantes del agua subterránea sobre la diagénesis mineral son el aumento y la disminución de porosidad y permeabilidad, aunque en algunos casos aun en presencia de agua las propiedades de la roca permanecen prácticamente inalteradas. En casos extremos, un acuífero o una roca petrolífera pueden llegar a tener una altísima porosidad y permeabilidad debido a la disolución de minerales, o bien puede colmatarse por precipitación del mineral. |
| Starting Page | 94 |
| Ending Page | 107 |
| Page Count | 14 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 7 |
| Issue Number | 1 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 1999-02-18 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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