NDLI: Hydrodynamic modeling for groundwater assessment in Sana’a Basin, Yemen

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Alwathaf, Yahia El Mansouri, Bouabid
Copyright Year	2012
Abstract	Yemen is a semi-arid country with very limited water resources. Sana’a Basin is located in the central part of Yemen and is the major source of water for drinking and irrigation. High abstraction rates in Sana’a Basin rising from 21.1 million (M) m$^{3}$ in 1972 to 227.7 Mm$^{3}$ in 2006, have led to a major decline in water levels and deterioration in groundwater quality. Effective management of groundwater resources in Sana’a Basin can be aided by modelling. FEFLOW was used to build a groundwater flow model for the basin and the model was calibrated under transient conditions for the period 1972–2006. The water balance for transient conditions of the Sana’a Basin in 2006 indicated that the total annual inflow was 116.9 Mm$^{3}$, and the total annual outflow was 245.8 Mm$^{3}$. Three scenarios for potential groundwater extraction for the period 2006–2020 are presented. The first represents the present status based on the 2006 extraction rates without introducing any management measures. The second is based on maximum domestic, agricultural and industrial consumption of water resources. The third simulates the effect of water-resource augmentation, i.e. the increase of groundwater recharge, and maximizes sustainability by reducing water consumption. Identified areas of the basin require prompt management action.L’Yémen est un pays semi-aride avec des ressources très limitées de l’eau. Bassin de Sanaa est situé dans la partie centrale du Yémen et il est la principale ressource d’eau potable et d’irrigation. Taux élevé des prélèvements dans le bassin Sana’a qui ont passées de 21.1 millions (M) m$^{3}$ en 1972 à 227.7 Mm$^{3}$ en 2006, ont conduit à une diminution importante des niveaux d’eau et la détérioration de la qualité des eaux souterraines. Une gestion efficace des ressources en eaux souterraines du bassin de Sana’a peut être amorcé par la modélisation des écoulements souterrains et la connaissance de la géométrie de l’aquifère. FEFLOW a été utilisé pour construire un modèle d’écoulement des eaux souterraines du bassin, le modèle a été calé en conditions transitoires pour la période 1972–2006. L’équilibre de la nappe du bassin Sana’a pour des conditions transitoires en 2006 a indiqué que l’afflux annuel total était 116.9 Mm$^{3}$, et l’écoulement annuel total était 245.8 Mm$^{3}$. Trois scénarios possibles pour l’exploitation des eaux souterraines potentiels pour la période 2006–2020 sont présentés. La première représente la situation actuelle basée sur le taux d’extraction de 2006 sans introduire des mesures de gestion. Le second est basé sur la consommation domestique, agricole et industrielle maximale des ressources en eau. Le troisième simule l’effet de l’augmentation de la ressource en eau, c’est-à-dire l’augmentation de la recharge des eaux souterraines et maximise le développement durable en réduisant la consommation d’eau. Certains domaines du bassin nécessitent une action de gestion rapide.Yemen es un país semiárido con muy limitados recursos de agua. La cuenca de Sana’a está ubicada en la parte central de Yemen y es la principal fuente de agua potable e irrigación. Las altas tasas de extracción en la Cuenca de Sana’a, que se elevaron de 21.1 millones (M)m$^{3}$ en 1972 a 227.7 Mm$^{3}$ en 2006, han conducido a una gran declinación de los niveles de agua y al deterioro de la calidad del agua subterránea. El manejo efectivo de los recursos de agua subterránea en la cuenca de Sana’a puede ser ayudado por la modelación. Se usó el FEFLOW para construir un modelo de flujo de agua subterránea para la cuenca y se lo calibró bajo condiciones transitorias para el período 1972–2006. El balance de agua para las condiciones transitorias en 2006 indicó que el flujo total anual de entrada fue 116.9 Mm$^{3}$, y el flujo total anual de salida 245.8 Mm$^{3}$. Se presentan tres escenarios para la extracción potencial de agua subterránea para el período 2006–2020. El primero representa el estado actual basado en la tasa de extracción de 2006 sin introducir ninguna medida de manejo. El segundo está basado en un máximo consumo doméstico, agrícola e industrial de los recursos de agua. El tercero simula el efecto de un aumento en el recurso agua, es decir el incremento de la recarga de agua subterránea, y se maximiza la sustentabilidad reduciendo el consumo de agua subterránea. Ciertas áreas identificadas de la cuenca requieren una pronto acción de manejo,也门是一个半干旱国家,水资源十分有限。Sana’a盆地位于也门中部,是饮用水和灌溉水的主要来源。Sanaa盆地的地下水开采量从1972年的21.1 × 10$^{6}$ m³增加到2006年的227.7 × 10$^{6}$ m³,高强度的开采导致了水位的下降和水质的恶化。地下水的模拟有助于有效管理Sana’a盆地的地下水资源。在本次研究中,我们用FEFLOW建立起了盆地地下水的水流模型,并且,在瞬时条件下对1972 ∼ 2006年间的数据进行了校正。瞬时条件下Sana’a盆地2006年的水均衡显示,年内总流入量为116.9 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$,总流出量为245.8 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$。本文给出了2006 ∼ 2020年潜在地下水开发的三个方案。第一个方案代表了在2006年开采率的基础上不采取任何管理手段的现状。第二个方案是在国内工农业最大用水量的基础上建立起来的。第三个方案模拟了水资源量增大的影响,例如,地下水补给量的增大和通过减少用水量使得可持续利用性达到最大。盆地内确定的区域需要立即采取管理措施。O Iémen é um país semiárido com recursos hídricos muito limitados. A Bacia de Sana está localizada na região central do Iémen e é a principal origem de água para consumo humano e rega. As altas taxas de extração na Bacia de Sana, subindo de 21.1 milhões (M)m$^{3}$ em 1972 para 227.7 Mm$^{3}$ em 2006, tiveram como consequência acentuadas descidas dos níveis e deterioração da qualidade da água. A gestão efetiva dos recursos de água subterrânea da Bacia de Sana pode beneficiar da modelação. Foi utilizado o FEFLOW para construir um modelo de fluxo de água subterrânea na bacia, o qual foi calibrado em regime transiente para o período 1972–2006. Na Bacia de Sana, o balanço hídrico em condições transientes para 2006 indicou que as entradas anuais totais eram de 116.9 Mm$^{3}$ e as saídas anuais totais de 245.8 Mm$^{3}$. Apresentam-se três cenários de extrações potenciais de água subterrânea para o período de 2006–2020. O primeiro representa o estado atual baseado nas taxas de extração de 2006 sem a introdução de quaisquer medidas de gestão. O segundo baseia-se no máximo consumo doméstico, agrícola e industrial da água subterrânea. O terceiro simula o efeito de acréscimo dos recursos hídricos, i.e., incrementa a recarga de água subterrânea e maximiza a sustentabilidade através da redução do consumo de água. Foram identificadas áreas da bacia que exigem medidas imediatas de gestão.
Starting Page	1375
Ending Page	1392
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	20
Issue Number	7
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2012-06-28
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Yemen Modelling FEFLOW Management Sustainability Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution Hydrogeology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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