NDLI: Groundwater resource sustainability in the Wadi Watir delta, Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai, Egypt

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Groundwater resource sustainability in the Wadi Watir delta, Gulf of Aqaba, Sinai, Egypt

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Eissa, Mustafa A. Thomas, James M. Pohll, Greg Hershey, Ronald L. Dahab, Kamal A. Dawoud, Maher I. ElShiekh, Abdelfattah Gomaa, Mohamed A.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	The Wadi Watir delta, in the arid Sinai Peninsula, Egypt, contains an alluvial aquifer underlain by impermeable Precambrian basement rock. The scarcity of rainfall during the last decade, combined with high pumping rates, resulted in degradation of water quality in the main supply wells along the mountain front, which has resulted in reduced groundwater pumping. Additionally, seawater intrusion along the coast has increased salinity in some wells. A three-dimensional (3D) groundwater flow model (MODFLOW) was calibrated using groundwater-level changes and pumping rates from 1982 to 2009; the groundwater recharge rate was estimated to be 1.58 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$/year. A variable-density flow model (SEAWAT) was used to evaluate seawater intrusion for different pumping rates and well-field locations. Water chemistry and stable isotope data were used to calculate seawater mixing with groundwater along the coast. Geochemical modeling (NETPATH) determined the sources and mixing of different groundwaters from the mountainous recharge areas and within the delta aquifers; results showed that the groundwater salinity is controlled by dissolution of minerals and salts in the aquifers along flow paths and mixing of chemically different waters, including upwelling of saline groundwater and seawater intrusion. Future groundwater pumping must be closely monitored to limit these effects.Le delta du Wadi Watir, dans la péninsule aride du Sinaï, Egypte, contient un aquifère alluvial reposant sur un substrat rocheux précambrien imperméable. La rareté des précipitations durant la dernière décade, combinée avec des débits de pompage élevés, entraînent une dégradation de la qualité de l’eau dans les principaux puits d’alimentation le long du piémont montagneux, dont il résulte une diminution du pompage d’eau de nappe. De plus, une intrusion d’eau de mer le long de la côte a accru la salinité de certains puits. Un module tridimensionnel d’écoulement (MODFLOW) a été calibré en utilisant les variations du niveau de la nappe et les volumes de pompage de 1982 à 2009; la recharge de la nappe a été estimé à 1.58 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$/an. Un modèle d’écoulement à densités variables (SEAWAT) a été utilisé pour évaluer l’intrusion marine pour différents volumes de pompage et la localisation des champs captant. Des données sur la chimie de l’eau et isotope stable ont été utilisées pour calculer le mélange avec l’eau de nappe le long de la côte. Une modélisation géochimique (NETPATH) a déterminé les sources et mélanges de différents aquifères depuis les zones montagneuses de recharge jusqu’aux aquifères du delta; les résultats ont montré que la salinité de la nappe est contrôlée par la dissolution de minéraux et sels le long des trajectoires d’écoulement et par le mélange avec des eaux chimiquement différentes, incluant la remontée d’eau saline et l’intrusion marine. Le futur pompage doit être étroitement contrôlé pour limiter ces effets.El delta de Wadi Watir, en la árida Península de Sinaí, Egipto, contiene un acuífero aluvial apoyado sobre rocas impermeables del basamento Precámbrico. La escasez de precipitaciones durante la última década, combinada con altos caudales de bombeo provocó la degradación de la calidad del agua en los principales pozos de abastecimiento a lo largo del frente montañoso, que ha resultado en un bombeo reducido del agua subterránea. Además, la intrusión de agua de mar a lo largo de la costa ha incrementado la salinidad en algunos pozos. Se calibró un modelo tridimensional de flujo de agua subterránea (MODFLOW) usando cambios de los niveles de agua subterránea y los caudales de bombeo desde 1982 a 2009; la tasa de recarga del agua subterránea fue estimada en 1.58 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$/año. Se usó un modelo de flujo de densidad variable (SEAWAT) para evaluar la intrusión de agua de mar para diferentes caudales de bombeo y ubicaciones de campos de pozos. Se usaron datos de química del agua y de isótopos estables para calcular la mezcla del agua de mar con el agua subterránea a lo largo de la costa. El modelado geoquímico (NETPATH) determinó las fuentes y las mezclas de diferentes aguas subterráneas a partir de las áreas de recarga montañosas y dentro de los acuíferos del delta.; los resultados mostraron que la salinidad del agua subterránea está controlada por la disolución de minerales y sales en los acuíferos a lo largo de las trayectorias de flujo y la mezcla de aguas químicamente diferentes, incluyendo la surgencia de agua subterránea salina e intrusión de agua de mar. El bombeo futuro de agua subterránea deberá estar monitoreado cuidadosamente para limitar estos efectos.O delta de Wadi Watir, na Península árida do Sinai, no Egito, contém um aquífero aluvial sobreposto a um bedrock Precâmbrico impermeável. A escassez de precipitação durante a última década, combinada com elevadas taxas de bombeamento, resultaram na degradação da qualidade da água nas principais captações de abastecimento ao longo da frente de montanha, o que resultou na redução do bombeamento de águas subterrâneas. Além disso, a intrusão salina ao longo da costa aumentou os teores de salinidade em alguns furos. Um modelo tridimensional de fluxo de águas subterrâneas (MODFLOW) foi calibrado usando as variações no nível das águas subterrâneas e as taxas de bombeamento entre 1982 e 2009; a taxa de recarga de água subterrânea foi estimada em 1.58 × 10$^{6}$ m$^{3}$/ano. Um modelo de fluxo de densidade variável (SEAWAT) foi utilizado para avaliar a intrusão salina para diferentes taxas de bombeamento e diferentes localizações das captações. Foram utilizados dados hidroquímicos e de isótopos estáveis para calcular a mistura de água do mar com água subterrânea ao longo da costa. Determinaram-se, através de modelação geoquímica (NETPATH), as origens e a mistura de diferentes águas subterrâneas das áreas montanhosas de recarga e dentro dos aquíferos do delta; os resultados mostraram que a salinidade da água subterrânea é controlada pela dissolução de minerais e sais nos aquíferos ao longo das linhas de fluxo e pela mistura de águas quimicamente diferentes, incluindo a ressurgência de águas subterrâneas salinas e a intrusão de água marinha. No futuro, o bombeamento de águas subterrâneas deve ser cuidadosamente monitorizado, a fim de limitar esses efeitos.
Starting Page	1833
Ending Page	1851
Page Count	19
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14312174
Journal	Hydrogeology Journal
Volume Number	21
Issue Number	8
e-ISSN	14350157
Language	Portuguese
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-09-29
Publisher Institution	International Association of Hydrogeologists
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Groundwater sustainability Modeling Seawater intrusion Isotopes Egypt Hydrogeology Hydrology/Water Resources Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology

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