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| Content Provider | Springer Nature Link |
|---|---|
| Author | Taylor, Richard Howard, Ken |
| Copyright Year | 2000 |
| Abstract | Deeply weathered crystalline rock forms important aquifers for public water supply throughout low-latitude regions of Africa, South America, and Asia, but these aquifers have considerable heterogeneity and produce low well yields. Aquifers occur in the bedrock and overlying weathered mantle and are the products of geomorphic activity of meteoric water, principally deep weathering and stripping. The fundamental relationship between the hydrogeology and geomorphology of these terrains has, however, remained unresolved. This study demonstrates the ability of a recently developed tectono-geomorphic model of landscape evolution in Uganda to explain the hydrogeological characteristics of two basins, as determined using a combination of textural analysis, slug tests, packer tests, and pumping tests. The geopetal imprint of long-term deep weathering and erosional unloading is identified in the vertical heterogeneity of the fractured-bedrock and weathered-mantle aquifers; horizontal heterogeneity is lithologically controlled. The two units form an integrated aquifer system in which the more transmissive (5–20 m2/d) and porous weathered mantle provides storage to underlying bedrock fractures (transmissivity, T, ≈1 m2/d). The thickness and extent of the more productive weathered-mantle aquifer are functions of contemporary geomorphic processes. The utility of the tectono-geomorphic model, applicable to deeply weathered environments, is that it coherently describes the basin-scale hydrogeological characteristics of these complex terrains. Les roches cristallines profondément altérées constituent d'importants aquifères captés pour l'eau potable dans les régions de basse latitude d'Afrique australe, d'Amérique du Sud et d'Asie, mais ces aquifères possèdent une hétérogénéité considérable et le rendement des forages y est faible. Ces aquifères se développent dans le substratum et dans sa couverture d'altération; ils résultent des actions géomorphologiques de l'eau météorique, principalement l'altération profonde et le décapage. La relation fondamentale entre l'hydrogéologie et la géomorphologie de ces terrains reste cependant non résolue. Cette étude démontre les possibilités d'un modèle tectono-géomorphologique récemment développé de l'évolution des paysages en Ouganda pour expliquer les caractéristiques hydrogéologiques de deux bassins, définies en utilisant une combinaison de l'analyse texturale, de slug tests, d'essais entre packers et d'essais de pompage. Les marques de l'altération profonde à long terme et du décapage de la couverture sont révélées par l'hétérogénéité verticale des aquifères du substratum fracturé et de sa couverture d'altération; l'hétérogénéité horizontale est contrôlée par la lithologie. Les deux unités forment un système aquifère intégré dans lequel la couverture d'altérites poreuses plus transmissive (5 à 20 m2/j, soit 6 à 20×10–4 m2/s) constitue la zone de stockage des fractures du substratum sous-jacent (T=1 m2/j, soit 1×10–5 m2/s). L'épaisseur et l'extension de l'aquifère de la couverture d'altérites plus productive sont fonctions des processus géomorphologiques actuels. L'intérêt du modèle tectono-géomorphologique, applicable à des environnements profondément altérés, réside dans le fait qu'il décrit de manière cohérente à l'échelle du bassin les caractéristiques hydrogéologiques de ces terrains complexes. Las formaciones de rocas cristalinas muy meteorizadas constituyen acuíferos notables para el abastecimiento público de agua en todas las regiones meridionales de África, Sudamérica y Asia. Sin embargo, se trata de acuíferos considerablemente heterogéneos, donde se construyen pozos de escaso caudal. Los acuíferos se localizan en la roca sana y en la capa superior meteorizada, y son consecuencia de la actividad modeladora del agua de lluvia, fundamentalmente por meteorización intensa y exfoliación. No obstante, la relación fundamental entre la hidrogeología y la geomorfología de estos terrenos no ha podido ser resuelta. El presente estudio demuestra la capacidad de un modelo tectono-geomorfológico, recientemente desarrollado, sobre la evolución del paisaje en Uganda para explicar las características hidrogeológicas de dos cuencas. El estudio ha combinado diversas técnicas, como el análisis textural, ensayos de cuchareo, ensayos con obturadores y ensayos de bombeo. La huella de la meteorización prolongada y de la descarga erosiva queda registrada en la heterogeneidad vertical de los acuíferos situados en la roca fracturada y en la capa meteorizada. La heterogeneidad horizontal, por su parte, está controlada por la litología. Las dos unidades forman un sistema acuífero en el que la zona más transmisiva (entre 5 y 20 m2 d−1) y porosa de la capa superior proporciona el almacenamiento a las fracturas de la matriz subyaciente, cuya transmisividad es del orden de 1 m2 d−1. El espesor y extensión del acuífero más productivo de la capa meteorizada dependen de procesos geomorfológicos contemporáneos. La utilidad del modelo tectono-geomorfológico, aplicable a medios altamente meteorizados, radica en que es capaz de describir de forma coherente las características hidrogeológicas de estas complicadas formaciones en el ámbito de la cuenca. |
| Starting Page | 279 |
| Ending Page | 294 |
| Page Count | 16 |
| File Format | |
| ISSN | 14312174 |
| Journal | Hydrogeology Journal |
| Volume Number | 8 |
| Issue Number | 3 |
| e-ISSN | 14350157 |
| Language | English |
| Publisher | Springer-Verlag |
| Publisher Date | 2002-10-01 |
| Publisher Institution | International Association of Hydrogeologists |
| Publisher Place | Berlin, Heidelberg |
| Access Restriction | One Nation One Subscription (ONOS) |
| Subject Keyword | Hydrogeology Geology Waste Water Technology Water Pollution Control Water Management Aquatic Pollution |
| Content Type | Text |
| Resource Type | Article |
| Subject | Earth and Planetary Sciences Water Science and Technology |
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