NDLI: Density variations in dry granular avalanches

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Bugnion, Louis Schaefer, Marius Bartelt, Perry
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Dry granular avalanches exhibit bulk density variations. Understanding the physical mechanisms behind these density variations is especially important in the study of geophysical flows such as snow and rock avalanches. We performed small-scale chute experiments with glass beads to investigate how bulk density changes, measuring velocity profiles, flow height and basal normal stress in an Eulerian measurement frame. The chute inclination and the starting volume of glass beads were systematically varied. From the flow height and basal normal stress data, we could compute the depth-averaged density at the measurement location during the passing of the avalanches. We observed that the depth-averaged density is not constant, varying with chute inclination and starting volume. Furthermore, the depth-averaged density varies from the head to the tail within a single avalanche. We model changes in density by accounting for the energy associated with the velocity fluctuations of the grains, the density and the velocity fluctuations being related by the constitutive relation for the normal stress. We propose expressions for the conduction and decay coefficients of the fluctuation energy which allow us to model the observed density variations in the experiments.
Starting Page	771
Ending Page	781
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14345021
Journal	Granular Matter
Volume Number	15
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14347636
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-07-25
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Density measurement Finite-sized granular avalanches Glass beads Chute experiment Soft and Granular Matter, Complex Fluids and Microfluidics Engineering Fluid Dynamics Materials Science Geoengineering, Foundations, Hydraulics Industrial Chemistry/Chemical Engineering Engineering Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Physics and Astronomy Mechanics of Materials Materials Science

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