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The Mrp system: a giant among monovalent cation/proton antiporters?

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Swartz, Talia H. Ikewada, Sayuri Ishikawa, Osamu Ito, Masahiro Krulwich, Terry Ann
Copyright Year	2005
Abstract	Mrp systems are a novel and broadly distributed type of monovalent cation/proton antiporter of bacteria and archaea. Monovalent cation/proton antiporters are membrane transport proteins that catalyze efflux of cytoplasmic sodium, potassium or lithium ions in exchange for external hydrogen ions (protons). Other known monovalent cation antiporters are single gene products, whereas Mrp systems have been proposed to function as hetero-oligomers. A mrp operon typically has six or seven genes encoding hydrophobic proteins all of which are required for optimal Mrp-dependent sodium-resistance. There is little sequence similarity of Mrp proteins to other antiporters but three of these proteins have significant sequence similarity to membrane embedded subunits of ion-translocating electron transport complexes. Mrp antiporters have essential roles in the physiology of alkaliphilic and neutralophilic Bacillus species, nitrogen-fixing Sinorhizobium meliloti and in the pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, although these bacteria contain multiple monovalent cation/proton antiporters. The wide distribution of Mrp systems leads to the anticipation of important roles in an even wider variety of pathogens, extremophiles and environmentally important organisms. Here, the distribution, established physiological roles and catalytic activities of Mrp systems are reviewed, hypotheses regarding their complexity are discussed and major open questions about their function are highlighted.
Starting Page	345
Ending Page	354
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14310651
Journal	Extremophiles
Volume Number	9
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	14334909
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2005-06-25
Publisher Place	Tokyo
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Mrp Monovalent cation/proton antiporter Na+/H+ Antiporter pH Homeostasis Hetero-oligomeric antiporter Alkaliphilic Bacillus
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Medicine Molecular Medicine Microbiology

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