NDLI: Downhole geophysical observatories: best installation practices and a case history from Turkey

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Prevedel, Bernhard Bulut, Fatih Bohnhoff, Marco Raub, Christina Kartal, Recai F. Alver, Fatih Malin, Peter E.
Copyright Year	2015
Abstract	Downhole sensors of different types and in various environments provide substantial benefit to signal quality. They also add the depth dimension to measurements performed at the Earths’ surface. Sensor types that particularly benefit from downhole installation due to the absence of near-surface noise include piezometers, seismometers, strainmeters, thermometers, and tiltmeters. Likewise, geochemical and environmental measurements in a borehole help eliminate near-surface weathering and cultural effects. Installations from a few hundred meter deep to a few kilometer deep dramatically reduce surface noise levels—the latter noticeably also reduces the hypocentral distance for shallow microearthquakes. The laying out of a borehole network is always a compromise of local boundary conditions and the involved drilling costs. The installation depth and procedure for a long-term downhole observatory can range from time limited installations, with a retrieval option, to permanently cemented sensors. Permanently cemented sensors have proven to be long-term stable with non-deteriorating coupling and borehole integrity. However, each type needs to be carefully selected and planned according to the research aims. A convenient case study is provided by a new installation of downhole seismometers along the shoreline of the eastern Marmara Sea in Turkey. These stations are being integrated into the regional net for monitoring the North Anatolian Fault Zone. Here we discuss its design, installation, and first results. We conclude that, despite the logistical challenges and installation costs, the superior quality of downhole data puts this technique at the forefront of applied and fundamental research.
Starting Page	1537
Ending Page	1547
Page Count	11
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14373254
Journal	International Journal of Earth Sciences
Volume Number	104
Issue Number	6
e-ISSN	14373262
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2015-02-07
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Downhole observatory Permanent monitoring Seismometer Fault system North Anatolian Fault Zone Earthquake research Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Sedimentology Structural Geology Mineral Resources Geochemistry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Earth and Planetary Sciences

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Downhole geophysical observatories: best installation practices and a case history from Turkey

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