NDLI: Constraining explosive volcanism: subjective choices during estimates of eruption magnitude

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Klawonn, Malin Houghton, Bruce F. Swanson, Donald A. Fagents, Sarah A. Wessel, Paul Wolfe, Cecily J.
Copyright Year	2014
Abstract	When estimating the magnitude of explosive eruptions from their deposits, individuals make three sets of critical choices with respect to input data: the spacing of sampling sites, the selection of contour intervals to constrain the field measurements, and the hand contouring of thickness/isomass data, respectively. Volcanologists make subjective calls, as there are no accepted published protocols and few accounts of how these choices will impact estimates of eruption magnitude. Here, for the first time, we took a set of unpublished thickness measurements from the 1959 Kīlauea Iki pyroclastic fall deposit and asked 101 volcanologists worldwide to hand contour the data. First, there were surprisingly consistent volume estimates across maps with three different sampling densities. Second, the variability in volume calculations imparted by individuals’ choices of contours is also surprisingly low and lies between s = 5 and 8 %. Third, volume estimation is insensitive to the extent to which different individuals “smooth” the raw data in constructing contour lines. Finally, large uncertainty is associated with the construction of the thinnest isopachs, which is likely to underestimate the actual trend of deposit thinning. The net result is that researchers can have considerable confidence in using volume or dispersal data from multiple authors and different deposits for comparative studies. These insights should help volcanologists around the world to optimize design and execution of field-based studies to characterize accurately the volume of pyroclastic deposits.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	6
Page Count	6
File Format	PDF
ISSN	02588900
Journal	Bulletin of Volcanology
Volume Number	76
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	14320819
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2014-01-15
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Explosive volcanism Pyroclastic deposit Eruption size Kīlauea Iki 1959 Geology Geophysics/Geodesy Mineralogy Sedimentology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Geochemistry and Petrology

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