NDLI: Nitric oxide production by hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Barros, Cintia Monteiro Carvalho, Danielle Ronald Andrade, Leonardo R. Pavão, Mauro Sérgio G. Allodi, Silvana
Copyright Year	2009
Abstract	Ascidian hemolymph contains various types of blood cells (hemocytes), which are believed to be involved in defense mechanisms. We have studied nitric-oxide (NO) synthase activity in hemocytes of the ascidian Styela plicata after exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). To investigate which cell types are involved in NO production, we first identified, by electron microscopy, the types of hemocytes previously described, mainly by light microscopy, by others. Five types of blood cells could be recognized in the hemolymph: granulocytes, hemoblasts, lymphocyte-like cells, morula cells, and pigment cells. The lymphocyte-like cells produced the most NO. In agreement with studies of other invertebrates, nitrite generation did not change after LPS stimulation in assays in vitro, under either different concentrations of LPS or different time periods. Therefore, we performed an in vivo assay by injecting a known quantity of Escherichia coli into the tunic of the ascidians in order to investigate possible differences in NO levels. No increase of NO occurred accompanying the inflammatory reaction suggesting that another molecule in the pathway was involved. We found that nuclear factor κB (NFκB) was activated. Since NFκB is involved in the production of many substances related to immune responses, additional molecules might also be generated in response to E. coli infection. These observations may improve our understanding of the reaction of animals to eutrophic conditions.
Starting Page	117
Ending Page	128
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	0302766X
Journal	Cell and Tissue Research
Volume Number	338
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14320878
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2009-08-27
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Blood cells Electron microscopy Immunoelectron microscopy Inducible nitric oxide synthase NFκB Ascidian, Styela plicata (Chordata,Tunicata) Molecular Medicine Proteomics Human Genetics
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Cell Biology Histology Pathology and Forensic Medicine

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