NDLI: Brain stem afferent connections of the amygdala in the rat with special references to a projection from the parabigeminal nucleus: a fluorescent retrograde tracing study

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Usuff, K. G. Itzev, D. E. Rolfs, A. Schmitt, O. Wree, A.
Copyright Year	2006
Abstract	A recently revealed important function of the amygdala (Am) is that it acts as the brain’s “lighthouse”, which constantly monitors the environment for stimuli which signal a threat to the organism. The data from patients with extensive lesions of the striate cortex indicate that “unseen” fearful and fear-conditioned faces elicit increased Am responses. Thus, also extrageniculostriate pathways are involved. A multisynaptic pathway from the retina to the Am via the superior colliculus (SC) and the pulvinar was recently suggested. We here present data based on retrograde neuronal labeling following injection of the fluorescent tracer Fluoro-Gold in the rat Am that the parabigeminal nucleus (Pbg) emits a substantial, bilateral projection to the Am. This small cholinergic nucleus (Ch8 group) in the midbrain tegmentum is a subcortical relay visual center that is reciprocally connected with the SC. We suggest the existence of a second extrageniculo-striate multisynaptic connection to Am: retina–SC–Pbg–Am, that might be very effective since all tracts listed above are bilateral. In addition, we present hodological details on other brainstem afferent connections of the Am, some of which are only recently described, and some others that still remain equivocal. Following selective injections of Fluoro-Gold in the Am, retrogradely labeled neurons were observed in parasubthalamic nucleus, peripeduncular nucleus, periaqueductal gray, dopaminergic nuclear complex (substantia nigra pars lateralis and pars compacta, paranigral, parabrachial pigmented and interfascicular nuclei, rostral and caudal linear nuclei, retrorubral area), deep mesencephalic nucleus, serotoninergic structures (dorsal, median and pontine raphe nuclei), laterodorsal and pedunculopontine tegmental nuclei (Ch6 and Ch5 groups), parabrachial nuclear complex, locus coeruleus, nucleus incertus, ventrolateral pontine tegmentum (A5 group), dorsomedial medulla (nucleus of the solitary tract, A2 group), ventrolateral medulla (A1/C1 group), and pars caudalis of the spinal trigeminal nucleus. A bilateral labeling of the upper cervical spinal cord was also observed.
Starting Page	475
Ending Page	496
Page Count	22
File Format	PDF
ISSN	03402061
Journal	Anatomy and Embryology
Volume Number	211
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	14320568
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2006-06-09
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	Cholinergic Facial emotion Fear Limbic system Visual system Neurology Cell Biology Neurosciences
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Anatomy Cell Biology Developmental Biology Embryology

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