NDLI: Monocarboxylate transporters in temporal lobe epilepsy: roles of lactate and ketogenic diet

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lauritzen, Fredrik Eid, Tore Bergersen, Linda H.
Copyright Year	2013
Abstract	Epilepsy is a serious neurological disorder that affects approximately 1 % of the general population, making it one of the most common disorders of the central nervous system. Furthermore, up to 40 % of all patients with epilepsy cannot control their seizures with current medications. More efficacious treatments for medication refractory epilepsy are therefore needed. A better understanding of the mechanisms that cause this disorder is likely to facilitate the discovery of such treatments. Impairment in cerebral energy metabolism has been proposed as a possible causative factor in the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which is one of the most common types of medication-refractory epilepsies in adults. In this review, we will discuss some of the current hypotheses regarding the possible causal relationship between brain energy metabolism and TLE. Emphasis will be placed on the role of energy substrates (lactate and ketone bodies) and their transporter molecules, particularly monocarboxylate transporters 1 and 2 (MCT1 and MCT2). We recently reported that the cellular distribution of MCT1 and MCT2 is perturbed in the hippocampus in patients with TLE. The changes may be an adaptive response aimed at keeping high levels of lactate in the epileptic tissue, which may serve to counteract epileptic activity by downregulating cAMP levels through the lactate receptor GPR81, newly discovered in hippocampus. We propose that the perturbation of MCTs may be further involved in the pathophysiology of TLE by influencing brain energy homeostasis, mitochondrial function, GABA-ergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, and flux of lactate through the brain.
Starting Page	1
Ending Page	12
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	18632653
Journal	Anatomy and Embryology
Volume Number	220
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	18632661
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2013-11-19
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Energy failure Pathophysiology Immunocytochemistry Electronmicroscopy Human Rodent Blood–brain barrier Neurosciences Cell Biology Neurology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience Anatomy Histology

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