NDLI: Factors limiting maximal performance in humans

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Prampero, Pietro Enrico
Copyright Year	2003
Abstract	Theoretical best performance times (t theor) in track running are calculated as follows. Maximal metabolic power (Ė max) is a known function of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max), of maximal anaerobic capacity (AnS) and of effort duration to exhaustion (t e): Ė max=f (t e). Metabolic power requirement (Ė r) to cover the distance (d) in the performance time t p is the product of the energy cost of locomotion per unit distance (C) and the speed: Ė r=C×d/t p. The time values for which Ė max (t e)=Ė r (t p), assumed to yield t theor, can be obtained for any given subject and distance provided that V̇O2max, AnS and C are known, and compared with actual best performances (t act). For 15 min≥t e≥100 s, the overall ratio t act/t theor was rather close to 1.0. To estimate the relative role of the different factors limiting V̇O2max, several resistances to O2 transport are identified, inversely proportional to: alveolar ventilation (R V), O2 transport by the circulation (R Q), O2 diffusion from capillary blood to mitochondria (R t), mitochondrial capacity (R m). Observed changes of V̇O2max are accompanied by measured changes of several resistances. The ratio of each resistance to the overall resistance can therefore be calculated by means of the O2 conductance equation. In exercise with large muscle groups (two legs), R Q is the major (75%) limiting factor downstream of the lung, its role being reduced to 50% during exercise with small muscle groups (one leg). R t and R m account for the remaining fractions. In normoxia R V is negligible; at high altitude it increases progressively, together with R t and R m, at the expense of R Q.
Starting Page	420
Ending Page	429
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	90
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2003-08-09
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Maximal anaerobic capacity Maximal metabolic power Maximal performances Running V̇O2max limits
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

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