NDLI: Non-linear function model of voice pitch dependency on physical and mental load

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Johannes, Bernd Wittels, Peter Enne, Robert Eisinger, Günter Castro, Carl A. Thomas, Jeffrey L. Adler, Amy B. Gerzer, Rupert
Copyright Year	2007
Abstract	The present work describes that under increasing physical load the voice fundamental frequency (voice pitch) remains on a given level as long as the physical load is well tolerated by the subject, whereas heart rate and blood pressure continuously increase during increasing physical load. This voice pitch level was compared to voice pitch levels under mental load. Using a word recognition system, 11 well trained, young male subjects had to solve 2 moderate mental load tasks. Before, during and after each task, there were structured relaxation phases. The physical load protocol was a standard bicycle stress test. In each protocol phase the subjects had to count from 1 to 10 in order to provide a standardized speech sample. Heart rate and blood pressure were recorded in all phases. Voice frequency was at average 106 ± 5.2 Hz in the relaxation phases (‘rest level’) and was increased under mental load (115.9 ± 5.7 Hz, Pillais-P = 0.037). During physical stress testing, voice pitch remained unchanged (‘tolerated load level’) between 100 and 200 W (117.4 ± 4.8 Hz) and increased shortly before physical exhaustion (‘exhaustion level’, 275–350 W, 142.9 ± 5.6 Hz, Pillais-P = 0.007). In contrast, heart rate and blood pressure increased continuously with the physical load. Three voice pitch levels could be verified also individually for each subject. For the practical monitoring of emotional stress the individual anchor frequencies for these levels must be assessed. These data indicate that the relationship between both types of load and voice pitch is non-linear with multiple plateaus and transition functions between them.
Starting Page	267
Ending Page	276
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	101
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2007-06-07
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Modeling voice pitch dynamics Heart rate Blood pressure Physical versus mental load Sports Medicine Occupational Medicine/Industrial Medicine Human Physiology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

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1	Ministry of Education (GoI), Department of Higher Education	Sanctioning Authority	https://www.education.gov.in/ict-initiatives
2	Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	Host Institute of the Project: The host institute of the project is responsible for providing infrastructure support and hosting the project	https://www.iitkgp.ac.in
3	National Digital Library of India Office, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur	The administrative and infrastructural headquarters of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in
4	Project PI / Joint PI	Principal Investigator and Joint Principal Investigators of the project	Dr. B. Sutradhar bsutra@ndl.gov.in Prof. Saswat Chakrabarti will be added soon
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