NDLI: Knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle size and function following 90 days of bed rest with or without resistance exercise

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Alkner, Björn A. Tesch, Per A.
Copyright Year	2004
Abstract	Skeletal muscle atrophy and strength loss induced by short-term simulated spaceflight are offset or attenuated by resistance exercise (RE). This study compared the effects of plantar flexor and knee extensor RE on muscle size and function in 17 healthy men (aged 26–41years) subjected to 90 days 6° head-down-tilt bed rest with (BRE; n=8) or without (BR; n=9) RE. The RE program consisted of coupled maximal concentric and eccentric actions in the supine squat (4 sets of 7 repetitions) and calf press (4×14) every third day employing a gravity-independent flywheel ergometer (FW). Prior to, and following bed rest, muscle volume was assessed using magnetic resonance imaging. Similarly, muscle strength and power and surface electromyographic (EMG) activity were determined during maximal actions using FW or isokinetic dynamometry. In BR, knee extensor and plantar flexor muscle volume decreased (P<0.05) 18% and 29%, respectively. Torque or force and power decreased (P<0.05) 31–60% (knee extension) and 37–56% (plantar flexion) while knee extensor and plantar flexor EMG activity decreased 31–38% and 28–35%, respectively following BR. Muscle atrophy in BRE was prevented (P>0.05; knee extensors) or attenuated (−15%; plantar flexors). BRE maintained task-specific force, power and EMG activity. The decrease in non-task-specific torque was less (P<0.05) than in BR. The present data imply that the triceps surae and quadriceps muscles show different responsiveness to long-term bed rest with or without resistance exercise. The results also suggest that designing in-flight resistance exercise protocols for space travellers is complex and must extend beyond preserving muscle only.
Starting Page	294
Ending Page	305
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	14396319
Journal	European Journal of Applied Physiology
Volume Number	93
Issue Number	3
e-ISSN	14396327
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	2004-08-27
Publisher Place	Berlin/Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Countermeasures Electromyography Flywheel ergometer Magnetic resonance imaging Spaceflight
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Orthopedics and Sports Medicine Physiology (medical) Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health Sports Science

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