NDLI: Impact of Cropping Systems, Soil Inoculum, and Plant Species Identity on Soil Bacterial Community Structure

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Ishaq, Suzanne L. Johnson, Stephen P. Miller, Zach J. Lehnhoff, Erik A. Olivo, Sarah Yeoman, Carl J. Menalled, Fabian D.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Farming practices affect the soil microbial community, which in turn impacts crop growth and crop-weed interactions. This study assessed the modification of soil bacterial community structure by organic or conventional cropping systems, weed species identity [Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed) or Avena fatua L. (wild oat)], and living or sterilized inoculum. Soil from eight paired USDA-certified organic and conventional farms in north-central Montana was used as living or autoclave-sterilized inoculant into steam-pasteurized potting soil, planted with Am. retroflexus or Av. fatua and grown for two consecutive 8-week periods to condition soil nutrients and biota. Subsequently, the V3-V4 regions of the microbial 16S rRNA gene were sequenced by Illumina MiSeq. Treatments clustered significantly, with living or sterilized inoculum being the strongest delineating factor, followed by organic or conventional cropping system, then individual farm. Living inoculum-treated soil had greater species richness and was more diverse than sterile inoculum-treated soil (observed OTUs, Chao, inverse Simpson, Shannon, P < 0.001) and had more discriminant taxa delineating groups (linear discriminant analysis). Living inoculum soil contained more Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, while the sterile inoculum soil had more Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, and Verrucomicrobia. Organically farmed inoculum-treated soil had greater species richness, more diversity (observed OTUs, Chao, Shannon, P < 0.05), and more discriminant taxa than conventionally farmed inoculum-treated soil. Cyanobacteria were higher in pots growing Am. retroflexus, regardless of inoculum type, for three of the four organic farms. Results highlight the potential of cropping systems and species identity to modify soil bacterial communities, subsequently modifying plant growth and crop-weed competition.
Starting Page	417
Ending Page	434
Page Count	18
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00953628
Journal	Microbial Ecology
Volume Number	73
Issue Number	2
e-ISSN	1432184X
Language	English
Publisher	Springer US
Publisher Date	2016-09-27
Publisher Place	New York
Access Restriction	Subscribed
Subject Keyword	16S rRNA Avena fatua Amaranthus retroflexus Conventional farming Illumina MiSeq Organic farming Soil microbial diversity Microbiology Ecology Microbial Ecology Geoecology/Natural Processes Nature Conservation Water Quality/Water Pollution
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Soil Science Ecology Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics

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