NDLI: A Study for the Proper Application of Urinary Naphthols, New Biomarkers for Airborne Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Yang, M. Koga, M. Katoh, T. Kawamoto, T.
Copyright Year	1999
Abstract	Urinary naphthols, 1- and 2-naphthol, recently have been suggested as route-specific biomarkers for exposure to airborne polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. For the proper application of urinary naphthols as biomarkers, we studied effects of lifestyle on urinary naphthols levels in 119 Japanese male workers. After improving the detection limit of urinary naphthols up to 0.27 μg/L by high-resolution capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/selected ion monitoring, urinary naphthols were detectable in approximately 90% of the subjects. Among detectable samples, the geometrical mean (GM) of urinary 1-naphthol concentration was 5.13 μg/L (geometrical standard deviation, GSD, 4.90), while the GM of urinary 2-naphthol concentration was 3.16 μg/L (GSD, 5.61). We observed that urinary 1- and 2-naphthol level were three- and sevenfold higher, respectively, among smokers than among nonsmokers (p < 0.01). The ratios of urinary 2-naphthol to 1-naphthol were significantly higher among smokers than nonsmokers (p < 0.05). The number of cigarettes smoked and urinary cotinine levels were also positively related to the concentration of urinary naphthols (p < 0.01), while other lifestyle factors, i.e., age and consumption of alcohol, greasy or salty food, sweets, fruits, vegetables, meat, or fish, were not. We also studied whether genetic polymorphisms of enzymes, which were involved in naphthalene metabolism, affected urinary naphthols levels. The cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 exon 7 genetic polymorphism was not related to urinary naphthol levels. Among smokers, the subjects with c1/c2 or c2/c2 type of CYP2E1, which was determined by CYP2E1 RsaI polymorphism in 5′-flaking region, showed higher concentrations of urinary 2-naphthol than the subjects with c1/c1 type regardless of creatinine-correction (p < 0.05) and the subjects with glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1 deficient type showed higher concentrations of both urinary 1- and 2-naphthol than those with GSTM1 normal type but only without creatinine-correction (p < 0.05). Thus, when urinary naphthols are used as biomarkers, smoking and the genetic polymorphisms of CYP2E1 and GSTM1 should be considered.
Starting Page	99
Ending Page	108
Page Count	10
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00904341
Journal	Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
Volume Number	36
Issue Number	1
e-ISSN	14320703
Language	English
Publisher	Springer-Verlag
Publisher Date	1999-01-01
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pollution Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis Medicine Toxicology

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