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Anticipatory Postural Adjustments associated with reaching movements are programmed according to the availability of visual information

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Esposti, Roberto Bruttini, Carlo Bolzoni, Francesco Cavallari, Paolo
Copyright Year	2017
Abstract	During goal-directed arm movements, the eyes, head, and arm are coordinated to look at and reach the target. We examined whether the expectancy of visual information about the target modifies Anticipatory Postural Adjustments (APAs). Ten standing subjects had to (1) move the eyes, head and arm, so as to reach, with both gaze and index-finger, a target of known position placed outside their visual field (Gaze-Reach); (2) look at the target while reaching it (Reach in Full Vision); (3) keep the gaze away until having touched it (Reach then Gaze) and (4) just Gaze without Reach the target. We recorded eye, head, right arm, and acromion kinematics, EMGs from upper- and lower-limb muscles, and forces exerted on the ground. In Gaze-Reach, two coordination strategies were found: when gaze preceded arm muscle recruitment (Gaze-first) and when the opposite occurred (Reach-first). APAs in acromion kinematics, leg muscles, and ground forces started significantly earlier in Gaze-first vs. Reach-first (mean time advance: 44.3 ± 8.9 ms), as it was in Reach in Full Vision vs. Reach then Gaze (39.5 ± 7.9 ms). The Gaze-first to Reach-first time-shift was similar to that between Reach in Full Vision and Reach then Gaze (p = 0.58). Moreover, Gaze without Reach data witnessed that the head-induced postural actions did not affect the APA onset in Gaze-first and Reach-first. In conclusion, in Gaze-first, the central control of posture considers visual information while planning the movement, like in Reach in Full Vision; while Reach-first is more similar to Reach then Gaze, where vision is not required.
Starting Page	1349
Ending Page	1360
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00144819
Journal	Experimental Brain Research
Volume Number	235
Issue Number	5
e-ISSN	14321106
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2017-02-17
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	APAs Eye-hand coordination Motor control Posture Voluntary movement Neurosciences Neurology
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Neuroscience

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