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Psychopharmacology : Volume 233, Issue 12, June 2016

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Differential metformin dose-dependent effects on cognition in rats: role of Akt

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Mostafa, Dalia K. Ismail, Cherine A. Ghareeb, Doaa A.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Epidemiological evidence suggests that individuals with diabetes mellitus are at greater risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease, and controversy overwhelms the usefulness of the widely prescribed insulin-sensitizing drug, metformin, on cognition.Through the scopolamine-induced memory deficit model, we investigated metformin influence on cognitive dysfunction and explored underlying mechanisms.Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups (12 rats each) to receive either normal saline, scopolamine 1 mg/kg intraperitoneally once daily, scopolamine + oral metformin (100 mg/kg/day), scopolamine + oral metformin (300 mg/kg/day) or scopolamine + oral rivastigmine (0.75 mg/kg/day) for 14 days. Cognitive behaviours were tested using Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks. Biochemically, brain oxidative (malondialdehyde) and inflammatory (TNF-α) markers, nitric oxide, Akt, phospho-Akt, phospho-tau and acetyl cholinesterase activity in hippocampal and cortical tissues were assessed.The lower dose of metformin (100 mg/kg) ameliorated scopolamine-induced impaired performance in both Morris water maze and passive avoidance tasks, and was associated with significant reduction of inflammation and to a lesser extent oxidative stress versus rivastigmine. Given the role of total Akt in regulation of abnormal tau accumulation and degradation, our finding that metformin 100 decreased the elevated total Akt while increasing its phosphorylated form explains its beneficial modulatory effect on phosphorylated tau in both tissues, and could further clarify its protection against memory impairment.Metformin, only in the average human antidiabetic dose, offers a protective effect against scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment, while no deleterious effect was observed with the higher dose, which may support a bonus effect of metformin in type 2 diabetic patients.
Starting Page	2513
Ending Page	2524
Page Count	12
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00333158
Journal	Psychopharmacology
Volume Number	233
Issue Number	13
e-ISSN	14322072
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-04-25
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cognitive impairment Metformin Scopolamine Akt Phosphorylated tau Acetyl cholinesterase activity Neurosciences Pharmacology/Toxicology Psychiatry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmacology

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