NDLI: Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis ‘amotivational’ hypotheses

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Acute and chronic effects of cannabinoids on effort-related decision-making and reward learning: an evaluation of the cannabis ‘amotivational’ hypotheses

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Lawn, Will Freeman, Tom P Pope, Rebecca A Joye, Alyssa Harvey, Lisa Hindocha, Chandni Mokrysz, Claire Moss, Abigail Wall, Matthew B Bloomfield, Michael AP Das, Ravi K Morgan, Celia JA Nutt, David J Curran, H Valerie
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Anecdotally, both acute and chronic cannabis use have been associated with apathy, amotivation, and other reward processing deficits. To date, empirical support for these effects is limited, and no previous studies have assessed both acute effects of Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD), as well as associations with cannabis dependence.The objectives of this study were (1) to examine acute effects of cannabis with CBD (Cann + CBD) and without CBD (Cann-CBD) on effort-related decision-making and (2) to examine associations between cannabis dependence, effort-related decision-making and reward learning.In study 1, 17 participants each received three acute vaporized treatments, namely Cann-CBD (8 mg THC), Cann + CBD (8 mg THC + 10 mg CBD) and matched placebo, followed by a 50 % dose top-up 1.5 h later, and completed the Effort Expenditure for Rewards Task (EEfRT). In study 2, 20 cannabis-dependent participants were compared with 20 non-dependent, drug-using control participants on the EEfRT and the Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) in a non-intoxicated state.Cann-CBD reduced the likelihood of high-effort choices relative to placebo (p = 0.042) and increased sensitivity to expected value compared to both placebo (p = 0.014) and Cann + CBD (p = 0.006). The cannabis-dependent and control groups did not differ on the EEfRT. However, the cannabis-dependent group exhibited a weaker response bias than the control group on the PRT (p = 0.007).Cannabis acutely induced a transient amotivational state and CBD influenced the effects of THC on expected value. In contrast, cannabis dependence was associated with preserved motivation alongside impaired reward learning, although confounding factors, including depression, cannot be disregarded. This is the first well powered, fully controlled study to objectively demonstrate the acute amotivational effects of THC.
Starting Page	3537
Ending Page	3552
Page Count	16
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00333158
Journal	Psychopharmacology
Volume Number	233
Issue Number	19-20
e-ISSN	14322072
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-09-02
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Cannabis Cannabinoids THC Cannabidiol Motivation Reward Effort-related decision-making Reinforcement learning Addiction Neurosciences Pharmacology/Toxicology Psychiatry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmacology

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