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Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor availability in cigarette smokers: effect of heavy caffeine or marijuana use

Content Provider	Springer Nature Link
Author	Brody, Arthur L. Hubert, Robert Mamoun, Michael S. Eki, Ryutaro Garcia, Lizette Y. Abraham, Paul Young, Paulina Mandelkern, Mark A.
Copyright Year	2016
Abstract	Upregulation of α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) is one of the most well-established effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the brain. Prior research by our group gave a preliminary indication that cigarette smokers with concomitant use of caffeine or marijuana have altered nAChR availability.We sought to determine if smokers with heavy caffeine or marijuana use have different levels of α4β2* nAChRs than smokers without these drug usages.One hundred and one positron emission tomography (PET) scans, using the radiotracer 2-FA (a ligand for β2-containing nAChRs), were obtained from four groups of males: non-smokers without heavy caffeine or marijuana use, smokers without heavy caffeine or marijuana use, smokers with heavy caffeine use (mean four coffee cups per day), and smokers with heavy marijuana use (mean 22 days of use per month). Total distribution volume (Vt/fp) was determined for the brainstem, prefrontal cortex, and thalamus, as a measure of nAChR availability.A significant between-group effect was found, resulting from the heavy caffeine and marijuana groups having the highest Vt/fp values (especially for the brainstem and prefrontal cortex), followed by smokers without such use, followed by non-smokers. Direct between-group comparisons revealed significant differences for Vt/fp values between the smoker groups with and without heavy caffeine or marijuana use.Smokers with heavy caffeine or marijuana use have higher α4β2 nAChR availability than smokers without these drug usages. These findings are likely due to increased nicotine exposure but could also be due to an interaction on a cellular/molecular level.
Starting Page	3249
Ending Page	3257
Page Count	9
File Format	PDF
ISSN	00333158
Journal	Psychopharmacology
Volume Number	233
Issue Number	17
e-ISSN	14322072
Language	English
Publisher	Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Publisher Date	2016-07-01
Publisher Place	Berlin, Heidelberg
Access Restriction	One Nation One Subscription (ONOS)
Subject Keyword	Positron emission tomography Tobacco dependence Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors Caffeine Marijuana Cannabis Brain imaging Neuroimaging Human Cigarette smoking Neurosciences Pharmacology/Toxicology Psychiatry
Content Type	Text
Resource Type	Article
Subject	Pharmacology

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